In daily medical work, patients with thyroid diseases are often asked to ask questions about iodine supplementation. There are many vague and even erroneous perceptions and clarification is necessary. Why do humans need iodine? Iodine is an essential trace element in the human body and is the main raw material for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. The thyroid is a very important endocrine organ in the human body. It is located in the middle of the neck and is butterfly-shaped. The thyroid uses iodine and protein synthesis hormones. The thyroid hormone can increase the body's metabolic activity, promote physical growth and brain development, and maintain various Normal physiological function. The body contains about 15 to 20 mg of iodine, of which more than half is present in the thyroid gland. When the intake of iodine is severely inadequate, the body's iodine reserves decline, and the body's synthetic thyroid hormone decreases, resulting in a lack of metabolism and delay in growth and development. Why iodine deficiency occurs? Iodine in nature is widely distributed in rocks, soil, water, and air, but water-soluble iodine in the surface soil collects in the seawater through the river due to the scouring effect of rainwater. As a result, crops such as cereals and vegetables grown on land contain less iodine. The ocean is an iodine reservoir of nature, and seafood contains high levels of iodine. Iodine in the human body mainly relies on the daily dietary supplement. Due to the low iodine content of the foods in the land, a single intake of land products is prone to iodine deficiency. According to the survey conducted at the end of the last century, approximately 425 million people in China lived in areas that were severely iodine-depleted, which accounted for 40% of the total population in the country. What are the hazards of iodine deficiency? Iodine is a raw material for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, and iodine deficiency directly causes a decrease in thyroid hormone levels, which are essential endocrine hormones for human growth and development and physiological metabolism. The low levels of thyroid hormones seriously harm infants and young children. There are two critical periods in brain development. The first is the gestational age of 10 to 18 weeks. This is the period during which neuroblasts proliferate, develop and differentiate, migrating, and form brain tissue. These developmental processes of neuroblasts must be sufficient for thyroid hormones. Can be carried out under the effect of the second; from the first 3 months from birth to 2 years after birth, the nerve cells begin to grow like branches of trees. At this time, the active participation of thyroid hormones is needed to make the “branches†flourish. The "branch" is the contact point and information channel for thinking activities in the future. If iodine is absent in these two critical periods, it will generally result in the loss of 5 to 10 IQs, leading to a stupidity and an irreversible impairment of intelligence. In addition, the body tissues and organs in the growth and development process are also subject to iodine and thyroid hormone adjustment, iodine deficiency can lead to bone age delay, low body weight, short stature and other consequences. How to scientifically supplement iodine? The use of salt iodization is the most reasonable and scientific method for iodine supplementation, and it is also the best way to prevent iodine deficiency disorders. The superiority of salt iodization is mainly reflected in four aspects: Everyone benefits. Residents living in iodine-deficient areas, regardless of adults, children, or unborn fetuses, can benefit everyone. 2, can prevent and cure. Salt iodization can prevent and treat all kinds of damage caused by iodine deficiency. 3, safe and sound. The amount of iodine added to the salt can be strictly controlled, and it is supplemented with nutrients instead of the effective dose of the drug, which will not bring any medical danger. 4, convenient and economical. From an economic point of view, a family of three, with an annual increase of 1 to 2 yuan in expenditure, is entirely acceptable. During the consumption process, buy it once and do not store it in large amounts; store it in a covered porcelain jar or brown bottle in a cool, dry place; do not use salt to expel the pot and place salt when cooking to prevent the iodine from escaping at high temperatures. What is the amount of supplement? The minimum daily requirement for iodine in healthy adults is 75μg, and the more suitable supply is twice as much. The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Council for Controlling Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD) jointly recommend different amounts of iodine per day for different populations: 50 μg within 1 year old, 90 μg 2 to 6 years old, 7-12 120 μg of age, 150 μg of 12 years old and above, and 200 μg of pregnant women and lactating mothers. China's regulations iodine in salt addition amount is not less than 40mg per kilogram at the factory, not less than 20mg per kilogram in the residential kitchen, according to this standard, solar eclipse 5 to 10 grams of iodized salt, about iodine intake from the salt of about 100 ~ 200 μg. Through salt iodization, China has achieved the goal of eliminating iodine deficiency disorders in 2000. The iodized salt coverage rate reached 93.8%, and the iodized salt qualification rate of households reached 87.1%. On the other hand, people have a wide range of iodine safety. From a medical point of view, it is safe to consume less than 1000 μg of iodine per day. Who should not supplement iodine? From the health point of view, the following groups should not supplement iodine: 1, high iodine area or high iodine goitre epidemic area, the daily intake of iodized people in China's high iodine area in 800 ~ 1000μg or more, no need to add iodine, because long-term continuous intake of high iodine can cause iodine goitre. 2, some patients with thyroid disease, such as hyperthyroidism should not make up for iodine. 3, long-term living in severely iodine-deficient areas, should not be too high too fast iodine supplementation, or risk of iodine hyperthyroidism or other related thyroid disease increased. 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