In China, artificial breeding of Chinese sturgeon has basically formed a set of mature technologies, especially the rapid development of industrialized conservation of cockroaches, so that aquaculture production has been greatly improved. However, in the process of artificial breeding of Chinese sturgeon, excessive feeding of hormones, additives, and unreasonable use of drugs have caused problems in the cultured Chinese sturgeon, although the growth rate is fast but the quality is declining, and the medicinal value is also reduced, which does not meet people’s desire for food. The requirements of safety and environmental protection caused the market price to plummet, and the economic benefits of breeding were decreasing. Ecological breeding is based on the biological characteristics of Chinese sturgeon, simulating the ecological environment and life style of the natural Chinese sturgeon, feeding fresh and live bait, and adopting a scientific breeding and management method to produce close to wild and high-quality goods. To meet the needs of the market, to achieve the purpose of raising the economic efficiency of breeding. For many years, Lichuan County in Jiangxi Province has studied, popularized, and popularized the ecological breeding technology of Chinese sturgeon, and has achieved significant social and economic benefits. Now the Chinese sturgeon ecological farming technology is introduced as follows:
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I. Selection and design and construction of breeding sites
1. Water sources should meet the requirements of “Water Quality Standard for Freshwater Aquaculture of Harmless Foods†(NY5051-2001).
2. The breeding farms should have pro-fung ponds, clam ponds, hatching rooms, larvae pools, puppies pools and living houses. Intimate pond and Chengchi pond are required to be earthen pond bottom. The soil is suitable for sandy loam soil. The silt thickness is not more than 15cm, the bottom is flat, the pool depth is 1.2m～2.5m, and the area is 3mu~5mu. Escape the top plate, set up a number of feed stations and sun back inhabited stations as needed. There is a spawning ground in the pro-chih pool and 30cm thick sand on the spawning ground. Incubation room area of ​​4 square meters to 6 square meters, and temperature control facilities, to prevent snakes, rats and other access. The pool area is between 4 m2 and 10 m2 in depth and 0.5 m deep. The bottom of the pool is covered with 5 cm to 10 cm of fine sand.
Second, artificial breeding technology
1. Selection and feeding of intimacy should choose wild quail with a body weight of 1kg or more, strong physique, no disease or injury, with a ratio of 4 to 5:1 for males and females, and a stocking density of 200/mu to 300/mu. Small fish, shrimps, snails, clams, and animal organs are the main components, supplemented by a few plant-based dietary organisms, and the daily feeding volume accounts for 6% to 8% of the total carcass weight. Special attention is given to strengthening the cultivation of postpartum pro-gallium.
2. Egg collection In the morning of the spawning season, fertilize the earthworms in the sand pile of the spawning site. The fertilized eggs (white spots in the eggshells) are placed neatly in the nesting box with the animals facing up. Before harvesting eggs, the bottom of the box is covered with 2cm to 3cm thick sand. After picking eggs, the fine sand should be covered with fertilized eggs and the sand piles in the spawning ground should be leveled so that the eggs can be collected the next time.
3. Hatching and hatching is the key to artificial propagation. During hatching, attention should be paid to the following points: First, filter water holes should be left at the bottom of the incubator; Second, fine sand should be washed clean, with a particle size of 0.5 mm to 0.7 mm, and a water content of 7 % ~ 8%, the production in order to hold a group, loose hand is scattered suitable; Third, the temperature control in the 33 °C ~ 34 °C degree is the best, 36 °C or more than 22 °C embryonic development suspension, hatching accumulated temperature of about 36000 °C; Fourth, the relative humidity in the incubating environment is 81% to 82%, which can be controlled by spraying water.
During hatching, the color of the eggshell will change, and the fertilized egg just produced will be white or pink. After 3 days to 5 days, the animal and plant boundaries will be clearly defined. After 2 months, the animal's pole will change from light yellow to light purple, for 1 month. Then it turns red and gradually turns grayish black. After more than 50 days of hatching, the juveniles hatched out of the shell, and the pots were filled with water in the hatchery before hatching. After hatching, the hatchlings climbed into the water themselves.
During the process of disinfection of spawning and hatching sand, river sand with a particle size of 0.5 mm to 0.7 mm can be selected by wire mesh, washed with water (without mud), dried with 5 ppm strong chlorine or 0.3% permanganate. Potassium splashes evenly.
Third, the ecological breeding technology points Ecological crickets generally take more than 4 years, the individual development after the larvae, pups, the third instar pupa, into the pupa stage.
1. Juvenile larvae rearing freshly hatched larvae, weighing only 3g to 5g, and holding them for 2 days to 3 days in a water basin, with the same size, consistent body color, strong activity, and rich body and luster. Individuals are immersed in a larvae pool after bathing. The stocking density is 50/sq.m., and it is advisable to take one foot at a time. The juvenile feed is mainly formulated feed, supplemented with 10% of fresh fish and 2% of green fodder for intensive cultivation. The fresh feed can be pulped and mixed into the compound feed to be kneaded and hung on the feed table for domestication. Feeds that have not been eaten every day should be removed to avoid deterioration of water quality. When the water temperature drops to 15°C, it is ready to overwinter. The water level should be raised and covered with rice straw or plastic film.
2. Feeding of the juveniles The juveniles after wintering were transferred to the juvenile clam ponds after graded. The stocking densities were 10/m2. Feeding of compound feeds was mainly used at the beginning of feeding, supplemented by live bait, gradually Adjusted to 2 months after all feeding fresh live bait, daily feeding rate increased from 5% to 10%. After one year of feeding, the cubs can weigh up to 80g to 100g.
3. Feeding of clams into clams. Use earthen clams to raise clams at room temperature. In April to June each year, stocks of clams are stocked, suitable for laying juveniles with a body weight of 15g or more, requiring uniform specifications, the same age, and a healthy, self-breeding clam. The species can be put directly, and the species purchased in other places should be raised temporarily, and the cultivation should be carried out after 1 month of intensive cultivation. Before disinfestation, the use of potassium permanganate and other drugs to disinfect can prevent the occurrence of diseases. The seedling density is generally 600/mu.
The feed mainly consists of fresh live bait and some plant-based feeds. The main types include: fresh snails, small trash fish, animal organs, cakes, bran, pumpkins, etc., or fed artificial compound feed, and the water temperature rises to When feeding above 18°C, the daily feeding amount is 3% to 6% of the total weight of the carcasses, which is fed once or twice a day. The specific feeding amount depends on the water temperature and the weather. At the same time as feeding, a small amount of photosynthetic bacteria and other microbial preparations can be used together. Generally, no pellet feed is used, and hormonal additives and residual drugs are banned.
In raising turtles, the key to controlling the occurrence of Chinese sturgeon and improving the quality of Chinese sturgeon is to control the water environment. The key is to do a good job of water quality control, try to create an environment suitable for the growth of Chinese sturgeon, and establish the ecological balance of the water body. Pay attention to heightening the water level in the optimized water area and cover the straw or plastic film on the water surface.
2. Feeding of the juveniles The juveniles after wintering were transferred to the juvenile clam ponds after graded. The stocking densities were 10/m2. Feeding of compound feeds was mainly used at the beginning of feeding, supplemented by live bait, gradually Adjusted to 2 months after all feeding fresh live bait, daily feeding rate increased from 5% to 10%. After one year of feeding, the cubs can weigh up to 80g to 100g.
3. Feeding of clams into clams. Use earthen clams to raise clams at room temperature. In April to June each year, stocks of clams are stocked, suitable for laying juveniles with a body weight of 15g or more, requiring uniform specifications, the same age, and a healthy, self-breeding clam. The species can be put directly, and the species purchased in other places should be raised temporarily, and the cultivation should be carried out after 1 month of intensive cultivation. Before disinfestation, the use of potassium permanganate and other drugs to disinfect can prevent the occurrence of diseases. The seedling density is generally 600/mu.
The feed mainly consists of fresh live bait and some plant-based feeds. The main types include: fresh snails, small trash fish, animal organs, cakes, bran, pumpkins, etc., or fed artificial compound feed, and the water temperature rises to When feeding above 18°C, the daily feeding amount is 3% to 6% of the total weight of the carcasses, which is fed once or twice a day. The specific feeding amount depends on the water temperature and the weather. At the same time as feeding, a small amount of photosynthetic bacteria and other microbial preparations can be used together. Generally, no pellet feed is used, and hormonal additives and residual drugs are banned.
In raising turtles, the key to controlling the occurrence of Chinese sturgeon and improving the quality of Chinese sturgeon is to control the water environment. The key is to do a good job of water quality control, try to create an environment suitable for the growth of Chinese sturgeon, and establish the ecological balance of the water body. Pay attention to the optimization of water ecology. Fishes can be mixed in ponds. Generally, 40 squid per mu, 60 squid per mu, squid 70 per mu, squid 100 per mu, or transplanted aquatic plants such as Vallisneria Water hyacinths, water hyacinths, etc. cover up to one-third of the total water surface, achieving the purpose of self-purification of the waters. Regularly add water and change water, and change the amount of water or add water every 15 days or so. The amount of water exchanged should not exceed 1/3, and the transparency of the water body should be kept at about 30cm. Sprinkling quicklime regularly will not only regulate the water quality but also keep the pH of the water stable. Control the amount of feeding and reduce the pollution of the residual baits on the aquaculture water environment. Each feeding amount should be controlled within 2 hours, avoiding excessive feeding and causing the bait to deteriorate the water quality. Regular use of microbial preparations (such as photosynthetic bacteria, etc.), regular sprinkling and daily feeding in the feed combined with the method, can play a role in purifying water, preventing disease, promoting feed conversion rate.
In terms of disease prevention and control, it is necessary to adhere to the methods of giving priority to ecological prevention and supplementing drug prevention. The use of drugs must comply with the provisions of NY5071 to 2001. Try not to use chemical drugs as much as possible, or use prohibited drugs. Every 7 days to 10 days with lime 15kg/mu or strong chlorine fine 0.2kg/mu Quanchiposa. Every 1 month oral administration of broad-spectrum Chinese herbal medicine such as allicin, Sanhuangsan, Sihuangfen, Banlangen, and Andrographis. After using the drug, fill in the “Aquaculture Drug Recordâ€. Due to the relatively long time spent on Chinese sturgeon breeding, each year should be selected according to the growth of Chinese sturgeon, and individuals with basically the same specifications should be stocked together to prevent individuals from killing each other and causing diseases.
In day-to-day management, attention should be paid to the establishment of records for each breeding pond and records should be made.
Through ecological farming, the quality and taste of Chinese sturgeon are similar to that of wild quail. The market sales price also meets or approaches the standard of wild quail, and the economic benefits are obvious. 