At present, greenhouse tomato cultivation adopts a two-year model, which is divided into autumn and winter and winter and spring. Due to climate differences, the growth rules, nutrient demand patterns and field management of the two tomatoes are different. How to cultivate green tomatoes in winter and spring? Experts suggest that farmers should strengthen the management of soil, fertilizer and water, and read the "three-character classics" of soil and fertilizer. Read the word "土å—ç»" Strengthening soil management is the basis for scientific balanced fertilization and water management. Farmers' soil management can follow two principles. First, rationally supplement organic fertilizer to maintain soil health. Due to the short interval between winter and spring, it is not possible to carry out soil management measures such as leisure and stagnation. Generally, after the last season crops are pulled, fertilization, tillage, ridges, drip irrigation and transplanting work are carried out as soon as possible. Before the ploughing, reasonable supplementation of high-quality organic fertilizer has obvious effects on fertility. Generally, 300-500 kg/mu of high-quality bio-organic fertilizer and 100-300 kg/mu of soybean meal are applied. The second is ridge cultivation, which is conducive to ventilation and dialysis. The organic fertilizer and the soil are uniformly mixed by rotary tillage, and the depth of the rotary tillage is preferably 20 cm. After cultivating, the ridge is ridged, the width of the ridge is 60 cm, the height is 20 cm, and the distance between the two ridges is 80 cm. The ridge is cultivated in a ridge and double row planting mode, and two drip irrigation pipes are laid per ridge. Read the "Water Word Classic" After the tomato is planted, the film can be coated, watered by drip irrigation for 30 square meters/mu, and the second seedling water is poured after 5-7 days, and the watering amount is 20-25 square meters/mu. Before the topping of the tomato (seedling period and flowering and fruiting period), watering was once every 7 to 10 days, and the amount of water per irrigation was 20 square meters/mu. A tension meter can be installed at a depth of 20 cm below the dripper to indicate the soil moisture content. When the tensiometer reads -25 kPa, drip irrigation can be started, and the amount of water per irrigation is 15-20 square meters/mu. After the topping of the tomato, as the temperature rises, the water consumption of the tomato increases, the irrigation interval is reduced to 5-7 days, and the water filling amount is 20-25 square meters/mu. The irrigation time interval can also be determined by the tensiometer reading. The drip irrigation fertilization system should be adjusted in time. When there is a cloudy day, the evaporation will decrease. It is necessary to delay or pre-irrigate properly, and reduce the amount of irrigation. When there is high temperature, low humidity and large evaporation, increase the irrigation amount. Irrigate in advance, increase the frequency of irrigation or the quota of irrigation. Read the "Fatword Classic" Greenhouse tomatoes grow fast, have many results, prefer fertilizer, and the roots are weak in fertility, and the soil nutrient requirements are strict. It has been determined that for every 1000 kg of tomato produced, nitrogen (N) 3.2 kg, phosphorus (P2O5) 0.9 kg, and potassium (K2O) 5.4 kg are taken from the soil, and the ratio of the three is 1:0.3:1.7. Tomatoes need the most potassium during the whole growth period, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus again. In addition, tomatoes require more calcium and are equivalent to nitrogen. Before the rotary tillage, the tomato can apply 100 kg of superphosphate to supplement the calcium nutrition and meet the phosphorus demand of the crop. After planting, a small amount of root-derived amino acids and humic acid water-soluble fertilizer can be applied by drip irrigation, but it must be filtered to prevent clogging of the drip holes. Fertilize from the fourth drip irrigation, fertilize 4-5 times before the topping of the tomato, the recommended formula is 20-5-20, and the application rate is 13.3 kg/mu. After topping the tomato, apply high-potassium formula (12-5-35) water-soluble fertilizer, the application rate is 10 kg/mu, and the application is 5-6 times. In the middle and late stages of tomato growth, some of the trace elements can be supplemented by foliar application. Tomatoes need more calcium, and calcium deficiency can easily lead to umbilical rot and fruit cracking, which affects yield. Foliar spraying 0.3% ~ 0.5% calcium nitrate aqueous solution or 800 ~ 1000 times calcium sugar calcium aqueous solution, supplementing calcium, while adding trace elements such as boron and zinc, is conducive to fruit expansion and increase yield. Precautions Farmers should pay attention to six aspects when carrying out the management of tomato soil fertilizer and water in winter, spring and greenhouse. First, farmers with drip irrigation facilities should adopt ridge cultivation as much as possible, which can improve the ground temperature, aeration and water permeability, and is conducive to the growth of tomato roots, and achieve the purpose of roots and strong seedlings. The second is to apply organic fertilizer with higher carbon and nitrogen as much as possible, reduce the manure of livestock and poultry culture such as pure chicken manure and pig manure, and increase the input of microbial fertilizer. Third, fertilization should be done a small number of times, once watering once and fertilizing, do not pour empty water during fruit setting. Fertilizer application should pay attention to the principles of pre-phosphorus (long root), medium-term nitrogen (long tree), and late potassium (long fruit). Fourth, the irrigation should try not to shed the root growth range of 30 cm. If you want to reach the irrigation requirements by digging the roots, the irrigation amount is generally around 20 square meters/mu. The fifth is to achieve the principle of water and fertilizer synchronization (water and fertilizer integration), apply good quality water-soluble fertilizer, irrigation should be filtered to prevent drip clogging and affect the use of irrigation equipment. Sixth, the principle of first watering - re-fertilizing - re-watering should be mastered during irrigation, which is beneficial to the full application of fertilizer to the root layer of tomato. At the same time, it prevents the accumulation of salt in the drip irrigation tube and causes the dripper to clog. Disclaimer: Some articles on this website are transferred from the Internet. If legal rights of third parties are involved, please inform this website. phone Air Hose Reel,Mini Air Hose Reel,Air Compressor Hose Reel,Industrial Air Hose Reel NINGBO QIKAI ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD , https://www.cxhosereel.com