Release date: 2015-06-18 According to a study by the Anu Wartiovaara research team at the University of Helsinki's Molecular Neurology Research Project, stem cells are particularly sensitive to oxygen free radicals and antioxidants. The study was published by researcher Riikka Martikainen on May 28, 2015, in Cell Reports. Mitochondria are cell energy factories that use oxygen to generate energy. A by-product, active oxygen, can be produced in the process. Excessive oxygen free radicals cause cell damage, but small amounts of oxygen free radicals are necessary because they are an important cellular signaling molecule. One of the main functions of oxygen free radicals is to control the function of stem cells. Antioxidants are widely used to prevent the action of reactive oxygen species because reactive oxygen species can cause some damage to the body. In order to enhance the effect of antioxidants, some new antioxidants will accumulate in the mitochondria. Current studies have shown that small increases in oxygen free radicals do not directly cause cell damage, but they interfere with cellular signaling in stem cells and cause their pluripotency properties to decrease. Antioxidant treatment can improve the pluripotency properties of these stem cells. Surprisingly, however, the researchers found that an antioxidant against mitochondria showed a dose-dependent toxic effect, especially in neural stem cells. Antioxidants are common as dietary supplements, but little is known about their effects on stem cells. The new study shows that high doses of antioxidants may be harmful to neural stem cells. Therefore, researchers should conduct an assessment of the safety of antioxidants targeting mitochondria for stem cell research. Source: Bio Valley Microbiotic
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