Non-polluted Chinese sturgeon breeding should be operated in accordance with the technical requirements in terms of environmental conditions of the farm, water quality requirements, quality requirements of the hatchlings, feeding and management of bait, etc., so as to produce products that meet the pollution-free quality standards.
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2.1 Selection of breeding sites The breeding farm should choose a quiet environment, adequate water sources, convenient drainage and drainage, and comply with the requirements of GB/T18407 "Environmental requirements for the production environment of agricultural products for safety and quality of pollution-free aquatic products". The ecological environment is good and there is no or no direct "three wastes" from the industry. And the water (ground) areas contaminated by agriculture, urban life, and medical waste. There are no sources of pollution (including industrial "three wastes", agricultural wastes, medical institutions' sewage and wastes, municipal waste, and domestic sewage, etc.), and the breeding grounds are quiet and sunny. There is no industrial waste and domestic waste, no large plant debris, and animal carcasses. No smell and smell, it is a natural structure. The maximum amount of hazardous toxic substances in the bottom should meet the following requirements: total mercury ≤ 0.2mg/kg, cadmium ≤ 0.5mg/kg, copper ≤ 30mg/kg, zinc ≤ 150mg/kg, lead ≤ 50mg/kg, chromium ≤ 50mg/kg , Arsenic ≤ 20mg/kg, DDT ≤ 0.02mg/kg, 666≤ 0.5mg/kg.
2.2 The water quality of aquaculture water sources shall meet the requirements of GB11607, and the aquaculture water quality shall comply with the provisions of NY5051-2001 “Quality of freshwater aquaculture water for pollution-free foodsâ€, and aquaculture water bodies shall not be accompanied by heterochromatic, odor, or odor. Total coliform bacteria ≤ 5000/L, mercury ≤ 0.0005 mg/L, cadmium ≤ 0.005 mg/L, lead ≤ 0.05 mg/L, chromium ≤ 0.1 mg/L, copper ≤ 0.01 mg/L, zinc ≤ 0.1 mg/ L, arsenic ≤ 0.05 mg/L, fluoride ≤ 1 mg/L, petroleum ≤ 0.05 mg/L, volatile phenol ≤ 0.005 mg/L, methyl parathion ≤ 0.0005 mg/L, malathion ≤ 0.005 Mg/L, dimethoate ≤ 0.1 mg/L, 666 (propyl) ≤ 0.002 mg/L, DDT ≤ 0.001 mg/L.
2.3 Dianchi pool specifications and ancillary facilities The rearing ponds and ancillary facilities shall comply with the requirements of 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, and 4.7 of DB13/T516-2004 "Technical Specification for the Chinese sturgeon breeding." Dianchi leans back to the sun for easy sun drying. The Dianchi Lake is rectangular, the long side is facing north and south, and the bank slope is 30.
Open-air pool area of ​​500 to 3,000 square meters, pool depth 2.0 ~ 2.5m, water depth 1.5 ~ 2.0m, with sandy soil bottom, bottom sediment thickness 10 ~ 15cm, pool side and fence distance 1.0 ~ 1.5m. Insulation pool area of ​​300 to 500 square meters, pool depth of 1.2 ~ 1.5m, water depth of 1.0 ~ 1.3m, cement substrate, pool edge and fence distance 0.5 ~ 1.0m. The temperature control pool area is 100-300 square meters, the pool depth is 1.2-1.5m, the water depth is 1.0-1.3m, the cement substrate, and the distance between the poolside and the fence is 0.5-1.0m. The anti-escape facilities use bricks to build a 50cm high wall around the Dianchi Lake. The cement screeds the walls and the tops of the walls extend inwards 8 to 10cm. A solid barbed wire is installed at the entrance of the rearing tank to prevent escaping. Plastic plates can also be used instead of brick walls.
Into the drainage facilities. One inlet and one outlet for each pool, and fortified escape. The water inlet should be higher than the water surface, and the water outlet should be lower than the bottom of the pool. The bottom of the tank is inclined toward the drain with a slope of 20%.
The bait station is set up with a 1 to 3 m long, 0.4 to 0.6 m wide precast concrete slab, with one end submerged under water at 10-20 cm and the other end exposed to the water surface. Or horizontally set at 10cm underwater. The bait station should be placed below the shade scaffold.
The drying platform has the following forms: a) Use a pool slope at the edge of the pool to the sunny side of the pool with bricks or cement boards to connect with the surface of the water, and make a long slope with a pool length of 1m. b) Use a bamboo or polyethylene plate of 2 to 3 m in length and 1 to 2 m in width to be placed diagonally on the surface of the pool. c) Shed-like vaults are made of wood or bamboo and fixed to the surface of the water. d) Fix it on the water with a mesh net, and one side of the net stretches into the water.
2.4 Pre-stocking preparation is mainly to do clear pond disinfection. Rinse the net pool, use quicklime 150-200mg/L, or bleach with 10mg/L bleach containing 30% available chlorine. After testing the water, you can put it in the baby's hand.
2.5 Sources and Quality Requirements for Juveniles and Juveniles The sources of juvenile and young cubs should be purchased from the original (good) breeding farm that holds the original (good) production license issued by the state. Or larvae and cubs that have been cultivated by themselves are transferred to edible quail feed.
Quality requirements for juvenile and juveniles: Choose no pups without injuries, deformities, or motility. The clams have the same specifications and are of the same age and are free of infectious diseases. Juvenile specifications are generally not less than 50g/only.
2.6 Infants and young children transport plastic baskets, wooden baskets or cardboard cartons with holes. Ship at the bottom of baskets (boxes) with 1 to 2 cm thick wet fine sand or soft wet grass or wet cloth. About 1,000 to 1,500 juveniles can be shipped per square meter.
2.7 Carcasses Disinfection Before stocking, soak for 20 minutes with potassium permanganate 20mg/L, or 3% saline bath for 10 minutes, or bath for 30 minutes with povidone iodine (1% effective iodine) for 15 minutes.
2.8 Stocking Density and Stocking Methods For stocking 5 g per square meter of water, 30 to 60 juveniles, only 10 to 15 juveniles of 50 g/head, and 3 to 5 baits of 200 g/head. Restocking options are performed on a sunny morning. When stocking, gently place the boxes or baskets containing the sterile bowls into the water so that the cormorants can crawl out and swim in the water.
2.9 Feeding Management
2.9.1 Feed type and quality requirements for bait feed: There is food and animal feed (fresh fish, shrimp, snails, oysters, clams, poultry and other internal organs, should be disinfected before feeding) and plant food (fresh Pumpkins, apples, watermelon rinds, vegetables, carrots, etc. should be disinfected before feeding.) The nutrient composition of the diet should meet the growth and development needs of alfalfa, and should comply with the provisions of NY5072 "safety limit for foods with non-hazardous food and fishery feeds" and SC/T1047 "combined feed for Chinese sturgeons". No materials that are contaminated with moisture, mold, insects, deterioration, or contamination with petroleum, pesticides, or harmful metals shall be used in conjunction with bait. Medicines prohibited by the State (such as diethylstilbestrol, olaquindox) shall not be used to prevent disease or promote growth.
The feeding method is to start feeding the food when the water temperature rises above 20? Feeding should be strictly in accordance with the "quadruple" principle of qualitative, quantitative, regular, fixed-point, put the bait on the bait station.
Daily feeding amount (dry weight) with bait: Juveniles are 3% to 5% of body weight and larvae are 2.5% to 4%. The daily feed amount of fresh feed is 5% to 10% of the carcass weight. The amount of feed should be adjusted according to the climatic conditions and the feeding intensity of pupae. The amount of the feed should be controlled within 2 hours.
When the water temperature is 18 to 20°C, feed once in 2 days. When the water temperature is 20 to 25°C, once a day; when the water temperature is 25°C or more, twice a day, before 9 o'clock in the morning and after 4 o'clock in the afternoon.
2.9.2 Day-to-day management The main tasks of the day-to-day management are to do a good job of surveying the ponds, adjusting water quality, recording production, and measuring growth speed.
Adhere to the inspection of the early, middle and late patrol pools, check the anti-escape facilities before feeding every day; keep abreast of the feeding situation, and adjust the amount of feeding; observe the behavior of crickets; if abnormalities are found, promptly dispose of them; , predators, dirt; timely removal of the remaining bait, clean the bait station; view the water color, measure the water temperature, smell the smell, do a good job hunting pond log.
Water quality and water level adjustment: timely water changes to maintain a stable water level.
In the high-temperature and high-humidity season, special attention should be paid to keeping the water fresh, so as to prevent decomposition of organic matter in the bottom of the pool and produce toxic substances such as biogas and hydrogen sulfide. The water temperature should be maintained at 28 to 30?, the transparency should be maintained at about 30cm, and the dissolved oxygen should be 2 to 5mg/L.
Insulation pools or temperature-control ponds can be used for artificial temperature control in plastic greenhouses during winter and spring cold seasons to relieve hibernation and achieve year-round breeding. However, attention should be paid to gas exchange in the shed.
During the aquaculture process, fill in the “Aquaculture Production Records†and “Aquaculture Drug Records†in accordance with the “Regulations on Quality and Safety of Aquaculture Management†No. 31 of the Ministry of Agriculture and save it for at least 2 years after the batch of products have been sold.
Growth rate index: Warm shed breeding and breeding, the hatchling weight of 4 ~ 8g of the larvae, after 4 to 5 months of winter breeding, weight up to 50 ~ 100g only; 10 months up to 400 ~ 600g / only .
Commodities are bred in open-air ponds for one year and can weigh up to 300-400g; they can weigh up to 500g for 2 years.
2.10 Disease Prevention and Control
2.10.1 Dental caries prevention Take comprehensive preventive measures such as ecological, biological, pharmaceutical, and disease isolation.
Ecological prevention measures include: Maintaining a good space environment, building a breeding farm that is reasonable, and meeting the ecological habits of Yuxijie, Xiyang and Xijing; breeding areas in the area and upwind, and upstream of irrigation water sources, which pose no threat to the environment of the producing area. (Including industrial "three wastes", agricultural waste, medical institutions, sewage and waste, urban waste and domestic sewage, etc.) sources of pollution. Strictly implement disinfection measures before the stocking. The water in the rearing pond meets the requirements of NY 5051. The water remains yellow-green or dark brown, and the lime is used to adjust the pH.
Bio-prevention measures include: a small amount of cockroaches and squid in the Dianchi Lake to regulate the amount of plankton in the pond; plant the water-living lotus or water hyacinth in the Dianchi Lake; its amount does not exceed one-fifth of the water surface; use of photosynthetic bacteria Pool spilled.
Drug prevention measures include: Drug prevention measures include environmental disinfection, pool water disinfection, bait disinfection, tool disinfection, bait station and drying table disinfection.
The surrounding environment of Dianchi Lake is sprayed or sprayed with bleaching powder; the pool water is sprayed with 1~2mg/L of bleaching powder containing 30% of available chlorine every 10 days, or the whole pool is sprinkled with quicklime of 30~40mg/L, alternating between the two. Use; larvae are strictly sterilized prior to stocking; fresh fish and plant foods should be washed and soaked with potassium permanganate 20mg/L for 15-20min, or salt 5% for 5-10min, then freshwater. Feed after rinsing. The tools used in the production of maggots should be disinfected regularly, 2 or 3 times a week. The drugs used for disinfection are potassium permanganate 100 mg/L, soaked for 30 minutes, or immersed in salt for 5% for 30 minutes, or bleached 5% solution for dipping. 20min. Once a week, bleaching powder or chlorine preparation solution is used to splash the bait station and the drying platform, and hung or hung around the bait station and the drying platform. The amount of bleaching powder and chlorine preparation shall not exceed the amount used in the whole pool.
Illness isolation: In the breeding process, the inspection of the ponds should be stepped up. Once a disease is found, it should be kept in isolation and treated with drugs.
2.10.2 The treatment of rickets takes a comprehensive treatment of environmental disinfection and oral antibiotics. Oral antibiotics, often used norfloxacin 50mg/kg, or ciprofloxacin 20mg/kg, or oxytetracycline 80mg/kg, or allicin (10% effective dose) 0.2g/kg, continuous 5d. The use of fishery drugs should be based on the principle of not jeopardizing human health and destroying the ecological environment of the waters. It should adhere to the principle of "prevention from prevention, prevention and control from integration," and advocates comprehensive prevention and control of the use of biological agents and Chinese herbal medicines to prevent and control diseases and pests. The use of fishery drugs must strictly comply with the provisions of NY5071 "Guidelines for the use of non-environmental food and fishery drugs". It is forbidden to use fishery medicines that have not obtained production licenses, approval numbers, or product implementation standards. Do not use malachite green, sodium pentachlorophenol, chloramphenicol, furazolidone (Furin), mercurous nitrate, mercury acetate, carbofuran, BHC, DDT, cyfluthrin, methyltestosterone and other banned fishery drugs.
Adhere to the withdrawal of the listing system, in strict accordance with the "non-harmful food and drug use guidelines" provisions of the drug holiday withdrawal, general merchandise é³– 30d before the listing should be discontinued internal medicine, 10d before listing outside the discontinuation of external use. 