Laoshan Baixue Winter Cauliflower Cultivation Technology

Laoshan Baixuedong is a famous cauliflower local variety in Huiji District, Zhengzhou City. It has excellent characteristics and strong winter properties, and can survive open winters in natural conditions (that is, it still grows well at the Zhengzhou limit * temperature, and it is a normal harvest). It has more than 30 years of cultivation history in Huiji District. This variety of flower ball is white and firm, the shape of the product is good, the market period coincides with the low season from March to April, and it is relatively concentrated. Its cultivation management is relatively simple and extensive, so it is favored by vegetable farmers. Around 2000, the whole Huiji District had stabilized at a planting scale of 200hm². The products were exported to 10 large and medium cities in the north, such as Beijing, Tianjin, Shenyang, and Harbin, with annual sales of more than 6 million kg. A major feature, was selected in "Zhengzhou Local Records" "Famous and Excellent Varieties" in 2003. Due to the relatively high output value and good benefits of this variety, it has good promotion prospects in the vegetable bases in the outskirts and in the vast vegetable areas. It has been widely promoted in Shangqiu, Xinxiang, Anyang, Nanyang and other areas in Henan. In recent years, due to the advancement of urbanization and the construction of new rural areas, the annual production area of ​​overwintering cauliflower has been greatly reduced. Now it is about 67hm² in Huiji District.

Characteristic characteristics

This variety has a long growth period, the seedling age is 30-40 days (days), and it is generally 240 days from planting to harvest. The plant has a strong growth potential and a plant height of 40-50 cm. The main root is obvious, the fibrous roots are developed, and the root system is mainly distributed at a depth of 25 cm. Soil layer. Root regeneration is strong, suitable for transplanting. The leaves are broadly ovate, entire, alternate, petiolate, dark green, waxy. The number of effective leaves in the rosette stage is 16-24, and the number of effective leaves in the nodulation stage is 24-30. The flower ball is white, compact and round, with an average single ball mass of 1.25kg, up to 4kg, and an average output of 667m² of about 2000kg. The flowers are racemes, light yellow; the fruits are carobs, the seeds are dark brown, and the yield of 667m² is about 25kg.

2. Cultivation technology

2.1 Seedbed selection

The seedbed should be in a field with high and dry terrain, convenient drainage and irrigation, rich in organic matter, and has not planted cruciferous vegetables in 2 years. It is advisable that the seedbed should be oriented from north to south, and the seedlings should be raised with a width of 1.1-1.2m. In order to cultivate strong seedlings, apply foot fertilizer before sowing, 667m² apply 5,000kg of cooked organic fertilizer, 15kg of ternary compound fertilizer, 5kg of superphosphate, or pour 50 load of rotten cooked manure and urine. Deeply rake, level, and ensure the seedling period. There is an adequate supply of nutrients.

2.2 Sowing

In Zhengzhou, the variety was exposed and shaded in mid-July to early August. When sowing, mix the seed with an appropriate amount of fine sand and spread it evenly in the seedbed. Use a nail rake to gently stab it once and step on it with your feet. In order to prevent diseases at seedling stage, another layer of medicinal soil mixed with 0.1% carbendazim or sodium disulfonate can be sprinkled, and then drenched with water. The 667m² seedbed has a seeding volume of about 0.5kg, which can be used to plant 0.67hm² field. Due to the hot summer, the seedling bed should be covered with a layer of straw or branches or a shaded net shed after sowing, which is used to shade and cool down, and to prevent storms, so as to facilitate budding and seedling protection.

2.3 Cultivate strong seedlings

Generally, seedlings can emerge 3-7 days after sowing. The suitable temperature for vegetative growth period is 8-24 ° C. The seedling stage has a strong adaptability and can withstand short-term low temperatures and high temperatures of about 35 ° C. A few days after emergence, the covering should be properly removed to promote growth through ventilation and light transmission. At the same time, it should be covered with shade to facilitate cooling and anti-storm rain. Seedlings 1 to 2 true leaf time seedlings, thin and dense seedlings are removed, and the seedling spacing is 4 cm square. Seedlings are divided into 2 to 3 true leaves, and the seedlings are 8-10 cm apart. Watering is carried out according to the soil's wet and dry conditions during the seedling period. Generally, no fertilization is used, but topdressing can be appropriate according to the condition of the seedlings. Topdressing with 0.5% compound fertilizer water or 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc., is applied outside the root to promote seedling growth. Due to the high incidence of insect pests at seedling stage, 1000% solution of 10% nicotine EC or 800-1000 times solution of pyrethroid can be sprayed to control cabbage worm, diamondback moth and aphid. Planting can be done when the seedling age is 30-40d, 4-6 true leaves, and the seedbed will be drenched with water at 1d before the seedling emergence, which is conducive to soil extraction.

3. Site preparation

Due to the long growing period of overwintering cauliflower, you should choose fertile soil, water- and fertile loam or clay loam for planting, and apply bottom fertilizer, 667m² of 4,000-5000kg organic fertilizer, 50kg of diammonium phosphate, and appropriate amount of urea or cake . Deep ploughing and rake leveling. The planting period is from mid to late August to early September, and no later than mid September. There are two kinds of planting methods: 畦 planting and 埂 planting. When 畦 planting, it can be adjusted to 1.8m in width and the length depends on the terrain. The stalks can be made into large rafters with a space of 70cm, small pitches of 40-50cm, and a height of 15cm. Water the planting water 1d before planting, and plant in time after the water seeps. When planting, the row spacing is 55-60cm, and the plant spacing is 50cm. It is cultivated in a triangle. When planting, it is 2 rows per planting. After planting, about 500 g of fixed root water was poured into each plant and the soil was sealed. The planting density of 667m² is about 2300.

4. Management after colonization

The slow seedling period after planting is about 7d. After the slow seedling, the slow seedling water should be poured once and the slow seedling fertilizer should be chased once. Generally, 667m² of urea is 7-8kg. Pay attention to weeding and weeding in the early stage to prevent and control pests and water. In the rosette stage, the amount of watering is increased one by one, and at the same time, the fast-acting fertilizer is used 2-3 times in combination with watering. 667m² can use 10-15kg of urea or 750-1000kg of thin human feces to make the plants approach or reach adulthood before the ground is frozen State to facilitate safe wintering. Planting too early or too late will affect the plant's ability to withstand freezing damage, which will affect yield. Promote or control plant growth based on weather forecasts and plant growth so that plants can safely survive the winter. In the next year, when the soil thaws and the temperature slightly rises, it should be irrigated once, followed by a big fertilizer, 15-20kg of urea applied to 667m², or 1500-2000kg of human feces, so that the plants can return to early green and resume growth. Wen Baozheng. In the future, watering frequently, keeping the ground dry, combined with watering for top dressing, 667m² of urea 10-15kg, so that the plant has enough nutrients for the flower ball to grow. When the flower ball is exposed, pick the leaves and protect the ball to prevent the flower ball from turning yellow due to light, which will affect the quality of the product.

5. Timely harvesting

When the Laoshan Baixue winter cauliflower ball is fully swollen and the base of the flower ball is about to loose, it is the harvest time. Generally, it can be listed in large quantities in late March to April.

6. Breeding and Seed Collection

Because this variety is a regular variety selected and domesticated by the local people for many years, it can be bred and collected on its own. Plants with strong growth are often chosen not to collect flower bulbs, leaving the flower bulbs in the middle and upper part of the flower bulbs to flower seeds or to dug out the flower branches at the top of the flower bulbs to allow the side branches to flower and seed. When the flowering branch grows thin and unrolled, it should be thinned out in time to facilitate the development of full and uniform seeds and increase the yield of seeds. Generally, the seeds are collected at the beginning of June of each year.

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