High-quality garlic high-yield cultivation technology

With the improvement of people's living standards and the continuous increase of agricultural products exports, the area of ​​garlic cultivation has been continuously expanded, and the requirements for product quality have also been continuously improved. After many years of practice, we have concluded a set of high-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques for garlic. The main technical points are:

1 Select good varieties

Production should choose varieties with large heads and few petals, weak pumping force, white and bright skin color, long dormant period, and spicy flavor, such as Soviet red-skinned garlic and Lunong garlic; garlic can be selected to be early, long and thick, Easy-to-extract varieties, such as Ershui Zao.

2 Site selection, site preparation and fertilization

Planting of garlic should choose soil with loose soil, fertile soil, rich in organic matter, pH value of 7-8, and well-drained. The first crop of garlic in autumn is rice, corn, beans, melons, sorghum, potatoes, and cotton. The garlic should not be cropped continuously, and it should not be cropped with onions and leeks. Requires deep ploughing and fine raking, leveling the surface, and good drainage. The plot of garlic planted in autumn is about 5000kg of rotten manure or manure per acre, 100-150kg of cake fertilizer, 10-15kg of urea, 15-30kg of phosphate fertilizer, 30kg of potassium fertilizer, or 20-30kg of garlic special fertilizer. A ternary compound fertilizer can also be used. . Remove the application uniformly, and then immediately turn the cultivated land 20-30cm deep, and finely harrow it 2 or 3 times, so that the fertilizer and the soil in the cultivated layer are fully mixed. Make 畦: Generally make 畦 width 100 (intercropping) ~ 300cm, cut 5 to 15 rows of garlic inside the hoe, and the line spacing is 20cm. At the same time, dig trenches, longitudinal trenches and surrounding trenches in the field to ensure free drainage and irrigation.

3 Sowing

The planting period in Shandong is from late September to early October. Select good varieties and well-developed garlic. Before sowing, open the garlic and choose a good garlic clove that is harmless and disease-free. Based on an average weight of 4g of garlic cloves for planting, 30,000 seeds per acre are planted, 120kg of cloves are needed, and 150kg of garlic are required. Garlic cloves that cannot be sown in time should be spread out in a cool place. â‘ Ditching is generally used for seeding with a ditch depth of 5-6cm. The seed petals are inserted upright into the loose soil at the bottom of the trench according to the plant spacing requirements. After sowing, the ditch is flattened so that the top of the seed petals are buried 3 ~ 4cm below the soil. â‘¡ When planting density, with the main goal of cultivating large garlic heads, it is advisable to plant 30,000 to 35,000 trees per acre. Generally, row spacing of 20 cm and plant spacing of 10 cm are appropriate. After sowing, the soil should be compacted, loosened and then watered.

4 Cover the mulch

Cover the mulch immediately after sowing, watering, and herbicide spraying. The membrane surface should be tight, and the membrane should be pressed into the soil around it. As the mulch is stretched tightly on the palate surface, the tip of garlic buds can break through the film and protrude from the film surface, and individual breaks can be used to induce seedlings to emerge from the film.

5 Growth management

The germination period requires sufficient soil moisture, loose and breathable. In the seedling stage, in the late autumn, it is necessary to irrigate 1 or 2 times according to soil quality and soil moisture. If the bottom fertilizer is too small, it can also be flushed into the water or combined with row-row cultivation to apply 10kg of compound fertilizer per mu. Frozen water is irrigated before freezing in December, and then a layer of grass dung or wheat straw or corn straw can be covered on the noodle surface to protect and increase the temperature. When garlic grows to 6 to 8 leaves, flower buds and scales begin to differentiate. At this time, the temperature has begun to warm, and the garlic has entered the greening period. The cover should be removed in time, and the two-toothed hook should be used for cultivating loose soil and squatting. Return to Qingshui as early as possible and apply 10 to 15 kg of urea per acre with water, and then protect the soil with shallow and medium tillage to increase the ground temperature. In the elongation period and garlic expansion period, make sure that the noodles are not dry, and top-up fast-acting fertilizer should be applied as appropriate depending on the seedling conditions. Apply 10 to 15 kg of ammonium bicarbonate or 5 to 10 kg of urea and 5 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu.

6 Just in time

6.1 Garlic The garlic can be harvested when it protrudes from the leaf sheath and slightly bends at the top to form a semicircular droop. Autumn sowing in mild regions, such as Shandong, picking time: early maturing varieties around mid-April, mid-late maturing varieties in early May. Stop watering 5 to 7 days before taking the salamander. After 10 am to 3 pm on a sunny day, after the garlic salamander started to stretch out the leaf sheath, it was lifted vigorously when making small bends. If it still cannot be pulled out, you can use a needle to cut out the pupae from the middle of the pseudo-stem, that is, the penultimate 3 to 4 leaves. When harvesting the pupae, try to protect the functional leaves, especially the upper 1 or 2 leaves.

6.2 The early-maturing varieties of garlic harvest in early May, mid-late maturing varieties in early June, marked by yellowing of the bottom leaves and yellowing of the middle leaves. When harvesting, first dig aside the garlic seedlings with iron hoe and then pull out by hand. After the garlic is lifted, the roots are lined up with leaves. The garlic leaves are covered with garlic heads and dried in the sun. Then braids are braided for storage or stacked. In case of rain, a rain film should be covered to prevent rain.

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