Cultivation Technique of Gourd Gourd Protected Field

, Also known as stir-melon, quince, gourd, etc., belongs to the zucchini variety of the squash family Cucurbitaceae, is an annual herb, mainly for the mature melon for food. It is widely cultivated in the south of China and a small amount in the north. Gourd is fresh and delicate, crisp and refreshing. It is an excellent dish with excellent color and fragrance in homes, restaurants, and hotels. Gourd is not only delicious and delicious, but also rich in nutrients. In addition to containing various vitamins required by the human body, it also contains easily absorbed by the human body. Various nutrients such as phosphorus, iron, calcium, etc., have the effect of tonifying qi, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, detoxification and insecticide, and also have good curative effect on hypertension, coronary heart disease, obesity, etc. that the elderly often suffer from. [1,2].

Cultivation of golden gourds in a protected field with high yield in the early stage and less virus damage [3], the number of 667m2 plantings is more than double that of the open field, and the yield is high and stable. The cultivation techniques are as follows.

1 Variety selection

The large fruit type of Chongming Island in Shanghai is preferred, because this variety has strong growth, strong disease resistance, good shape of melon, and long storage time, and is suitable for protected stand cultivation.

2 seeding

2.1 Seeding

In the spring in mid-February, seedlings are cultivated in protected areas. In spring, seedlings should be prepared first, with a bed width of 1.2m and a depth of about 10cm, and then electric heating lines should be laid, 260-70W per 1m. 50-well plug trays should be selected. The substrate is prepared according to the ratio of peat: perlite: vermiculite = 3: 1: 1. Before the sowing, the trays containing the substrate are stacked together to make holes, and the hole depth is about 2cm. Place the germinated gourd seeds flat in the middle of the hole, 1 capsule per hole, cover the substrate immediately after sowing, and place the tray in the seedbed neatly, pour foot water, and cover with plastic film, then build Small arch shed, covered with 250g / m2 non-woven fabric at night.

2.2 Seedling management

The temperature is controlled at 28-30 ° C during the day and around 20 ° C at night. When 60% of the seedlings arched out of the substrate, the mulch film should be removed in time. After the seedlings are properly lowered, the temperature should be controlled at about 25 ℃ during the day and about 15 ℃ at night. Try to increase the temperature difference between day and night [4]. See wet and dry, watering should be selected at noon on a sunny day. After one month of seedling age, when three true leaves are grown, they should be planted in the greenhouse in early March, and appropriate seedlings should be planted before planting. The temperature should be reduced to about 25 ° C during the day and controlled above 12 ° C at night, which is conducive to the early formation of female flowers. , Reduce the result node.

3 Land preparation and colonization

667m2 rotten organic fertilizer 3000kg, 48% potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer (16-16-16) 60kg. The width of the noodle is 70cm, the width of the groove is 50cm, and the height of the noodle is 15-20cm. A 16mm drip irrigation tube, the drip irrigation tube is about 10cm away from the planting line, and a white mulch film is placed on the surface of the ridge, which can increase the ground temperature and protect the fertilizer and water. One line per ridge is planted at a distance of 50cm from the plant. The middle hole is punched. After the planting is completed, the small arch shed should be covered. At night, the small shed is covered with 250g / m2 non-woven fabric. 1000-1200 plants are planted at 667m2.

4 Management after colonization

Before or after planting, pull the wire at the top of the planting line, and pull 1 wire per hoe to hang the vine. Then hang the vine plastic rope on the wire, and hang a plastic rope on the top of each plant. When the plant is about 30cm high, you can hang the vine with a rope, but it should be done on a sunny morning.

When the plant reaches 50cm, all the side branches are removed, and only the main vine is left in combination with the vine. Due to the low temperature in early spring, the female flowers have a low node position. The lower female flowers or young fruits should be thinned and the tendrils on the vines should be removed. The fruit node position is preferably 10-15 knots, * leave the second female flower.

When female flowers appear, artificial pollination is required every morning, and the pollination * time is 7: 00-9: 00. If there is no male flower in the early stage, you can spray flowering young melon with 20mg / L sitting gualing. After pollination, leave 4-5 leaves in front of the female flower topping, and after fruit setting, when the melon is 100g in size, 1 fruit is sparsely removed. One fruit-shaped, well-developed fruit was selected from each plant. Apply 30kg of 48% potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer (16-16-16) every 667m2, and spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 2-3 times at the same time, and fertilize twice during the whole growth period. Cut down the old leaf diseased leaves in time to increase ventilation and light transmission [5].

5 Environmental Regulation

5.1 Temperature management

During the result period, the temperature during the day was controlled at 25-30 ℃, and at night it was controlled at about 15 ℃. The large temperature difference between day and night facilitates the accumulation of nutrients.

5.2 Water and fertilizer management

After planting the slow seedlings, 667m2 topdressed with 48% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (16-16-16) 20kg. Fertilizer and water should be controlled during flowering period to prevent excessive growth of nutrients and affect fruit set. After fruit setting, 35 kg of 48% potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer (16-16-16) was applied in 667m2 to accelerate fruit expansion. Under normal circumstances, more water is needed in the puffing stage, and the water should not be too much before the fruit is set. In the later stage, the water should be controlled, otherwise the quality will be affected, and the fruit will not be resistant to storage.

5.3 Bracket

The quality of gourd fruit is relatively large. A bamboo stand is set up every 4m, the height is consistent with the iron wire at the top of the cultivation line.

5.4 Hyacinth

When the weight of the fruit reaches about 500g, hang melon with hemp rope. Tie the rope to the handle first, and then to the wire at the top of each plant.

6 Disease and Pest Control

Diseases are mainly viral diseases and powdery mildew. Viral disease is treated with 8% Ningnanmycin solution 500-800 times, once every 5-7 days for 2-3 times. Powdery mildew is controlled with 40% Fuxing (flusilazole) 6000-8000 times solution. Insect pests are mainly aphids, whitefly, yellow melons, etc., and controlled with 7.5% rotenone EC 1000-1500 times solution [6], control once every 7-10 days, continuous 3-5 times.

7 Harvest

Harvested when the peel is hard and golden in color, the yield of 667m2 is about 5000kg, and the gourd can be stored for a long time at normal temperature.

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