How to plant rice in the cold? These days, the small series of Huinong.com will tell you about the whole cultivation techniques of cold rice. Let me talk about the rice seedling technology in the cold. 1.1 Preparation before nursery 1.1.1 Selection of polders Choose a seedling field with flat terrain, leeward sun, good drainage, convenient water supply, and loose and fertile soil in the soil. It advocates long-term fixation of Putian, fertilizes and eliminates weeds in successive years. In pure paddy field, seedlings higher than 30cm higher than the surface of the field can be used; in the Sudar saline-alkali soil area, there should be a separation layer under the nursery bed. 1.1.2 秧 Honda ratio Artificial and mechanical transplanting, the ratio of Honda Honda is about 1:80-100 (medium seedlings), 5.5-7 square meters per mu is needed for cultivation, 37-43 pans/mu for trays, and 561 holes for carcass 25 trays/mu, 434-hole trays require 35 trays/mu, and 352-hole trays require 45 trays/mu. 1.1.3 seedbed specifications Standardized steel frame greenhouse, bed width 6 ~ 7m, bed length 40 ~ 60m, shed height 2.2m, 10 ~ 15 days before sowing film decals sheds to increase temperature. Built in the shed in the paddy field, the irrigation and drainage channels are dug around the seedbed, and the seedbed is higher than the drainage channel. 1.1.4 making a bed Advocate autumn land preparation, autumn fertilization, autumn bed, spring bed to start in the greenhouse when the soil melts more than 10cm, began to turn over the seedbed. When turning over the ground, it is necessary to apply the fully decomposed farmyard manure, and the soil should be finely shredded without any shovel, and the roots and debris in the soil. In the middle of the shed, the trails are left, and the trails are made into rectangular seedbeds on both sides. A 5cm high cymbal (flat raft) is built around the seedbed. When making a seedbed, it should be noted that the effective width of the seedbed is consistent with the combined width of the placed disc. 1.1.5 Preparation of nutrient soil Mix fertile dry soil and decomposed pig manure in a ratio of 7:3, or mix it with dry soil, decomposed charcoal and pig manure in a ratio of 4:4:2, and pass 6-8 mesh hole sieve before sowing. . Then add 12.5kg of strong sputum, mix it with the same amount of sifted dry soil, and mix it with the right amount of gluten-acid (acid soil 70 square meters / kg, alkaline soil 50 square meters / kg Acid) Mix well as the mother soil, then mix the mother soil with the non-polluted sieved dry soil 800-1000kg evenly, as the seed bed nutrient soil spare, the adjusted nutrient soil pH should be between 4.5-5.5. Machine tray and isolation layer seedling method: Put the configured nutrient soil into a 60-square-meter seedling tray or insulation layer (about 360 trays, thickness 2-2.5cm), water the bottom water, wait until there is no clear water After sowing, the soil used for covering the soil must use sifted soil (thickness 0.7-1 cm) without mixing with strong sputum. 1.1.6 swinging plate 5 to 7 days before the broadcast can be placed on the plate to be broadcast, the thickness of the soil is 2cm. It is required that the plate is neatly arranged, the soil is evenly distributed, and there is no gap between the plates. 1.2 seeds and their treatment 1.2.1 Variety selection According to the local accumulated temperature and ecological conditions, it is necessary to select high-quality, high-yield, disease-resistant and high-yielding stalks with a weight of 750kg per mu. The well irrigation area should take into consideration the selection of cold-tolerant varieties, and the Suda saline-alkali land should take into account the selection of anti-alkaline varieties. It is necessary to use all the real high-quality super rice varieties or the promotion varieties with the potential for high-quality super rice to increase production. The seed quality requires a purity of not less than 98%, a clarity of not less than 98%, a germination rate of not less than 90%, and a water content of not more than 15%. 1.2.2 Sunning Before soaking seeds, choose to dry for 1 to 2 days, and turn 3 to 4 times a day. 1.2.3 Screening Sift out grass seeds and debris to improve purity. 1.2.4 Selection Seeds were selected from salt water (50 kg water plus 12.5 kg large salt) with a specific gravity of 1.13, and the glutinous rice was removed and washed with water. 1.2.5 Intelligent soaking and germination, effective prevention and control of disease It is necessary to apply the rice seed intelligent soaking and germination machine, especially the soaking and germination of the plant soaking and germination equipment, which can effectively alleviate the contradiction between the early spring seedling and the Honda land preparation, and realize the automatic high-quality soaking and germination, reaching the bud, bud and emergence. Neat, labor-saving and macro. Prevention and control of mite disease. (1) Dilute the rice with 20 ml of glutinous rice and 20-90 kg of water, and mix thoroughly with 400-90 kg of water. Stir well and dilute the liquid to soak the selected rice seeds. -80kg; (2) Coating with Furcha Roger clothing (strong rice, coated type tires), 500mL per bottle of liquid 500mL, can coat 25kg of rice seeds, coating ratio 1:50, after coating Dry for 24 to 48 hours, soak seeds with 20 ml of Fulba rice and add 70-90 kg of water, soak the coated seeds 60-80 kg; (3) Use 25% cymene ester and dilute 3000 times liquid soaking. Benefits of low temperature soaking method, the temperature is set to a constant temperature of 11 ~ 13 ° C, soaking seeds for 5 to 7 days (can not change water and stir during soaking). The soaked seeds can be directly germinated, the germination temperature is 30-32 ° C, the germination time is about 24 hours, when the bud length is 1.0-1.5 mm, the seeds are placed in a cool place, and the buds can be sown after 6 hours of drying. 1.3 sowing 1.3.1 sowing date When the temperature is stable at 5-6 °C, the temperature of the built-in bed of the shed is above 12 °C, the seeding index is started. The first and second accumulated temperature zones are planted on April 5-15, and the third and fourth accumulated temperature zones are planted on April 15-25. The seeding period of the seedlings can also be determined by the method of transplanting, and the seedlings are planted 30 to 35 days before transplanting, and the seedlings are planted 35 to 40 days before transplanting. Sowing should focus on planting time, and large rice growers should arrange for sowing seeds according to the transplanting capacity. Resolutely infertile May seedlings. 1.3.2 broadcast volume. It is used for the seedling buds of 125~150g/distribution in mechanical transplanting. This kind of sowing amount can produce strong seedlings. In areas with large accumulation of 3 temperate zones, it is recommended that the maximum number of dry seeds should not exceed 125g. The seeding buds of the seedlings are 2 to 3 capsules/hole. 1.3.3 Pressure seed. After sowing, the seeds are pressed or pressed with a roller to make the seeds enter the soil on three sides. 1.3.4 Covering soil. Use sifting loose soil without grass seeds, cover the seeds, cover the thickness of 0.5 ~ 0.8cm, can not be watered after covering the soil. 1.3.5 Use biological bacteria. After sowing, the rice straw is diluted 300 times to the soil, or sprayed onto the upper part of the soil to increase the ground temperature and promote root growth. 1.3.6 killing grass 1.3.6.1 Close the grass. After covering the soil, the grass was closed with 50% chlorpyrifos, 25 to 30 ml per 100 m2 seedbed, and evenly sprayed with 5 kg of water. 1.3.6.2 Kill grass after seedlings. After the emergence of rice, the 1.5 to 2 leaf stage of alfalfa, 90.9% grass enemies 15ml per 100 square meters of seedbed, or 10% cyhalofopram (golden) 6 to 9ml in the 2 to 3 leaf stage of alfalfa. Spray treatment; when there are many weeds in the seedbed, such as valerian, broadleaf, and sedge, use 90.9% grass enemies 15ml plus 48% bentazone 25ml or 10% gold 6～9ml plus 48% chlorpyrifos 25ml spray control . 1.3.7 Insulation moisturizing film. After sowing, mulch film or non-woven fabric is laid on the bed surface. After the emergence of the seedling, more than 30% of the film is covered and the film is removed immediately. 1.4 Putian Management Putian management takes 30 to 40 days from sowing to transplanting. Therefore, it is necessary to control the average seedlings of 7 to 10 days by adjusting the temperature and controlling water to achieve the slow growth of the seedlings, so as to cultivate the ideal strong. Putian management is divided into four key periods. 1.4.1 Seed root development period. It usually takes 7 to 9 days. This period is mainly based on cultivating seed roots. Management should pay attention to: First, control the water in the paddy field. Under the premise of pouring the bottom water, the seed root development period is generally not watered. Second, when inspecting the bed surface, if it is found that the bed soil becomes white or water is insufficient or the emergence of the top cover, the top cover should be knocked off, the exposed area should be properly covered with soil, and the water can be properly replenished with a watering can. Third, the temperature management is mainly based on closed heat preservation. The temperature of the shed is controlled at 25-28 °C. When the temperature exceeds 30 °C, the film is ventilated, and the temperature of the shed is lowered to about 25 °C. 1.4.2 The first full leaf elongation period. It usually takes about 5 to 7 days. At this time, management should pay attention to: First, water management, in the first full leaf elongation period, less or no watering, to keep the bed soil in a dry field. The second is temperature management, the temperature in the shed is controlled at 22 ~ 25 ° C, the maximum can not exceed 28 ° C. Rice seedlings 1 leaf 1 heart period to rice 2 leaf stage, using Fuer Daohe strong group, watering 30-40kg can be sprayed on the seedling bed 240-360 square meters, must be evenly sprayed can not leak spray, after spraying, rinse the leaves with water The drug Luo went to the seedbed to kill various pathogens in the soil. During this period, due to frequent changes in weather, if you encounter cooling or rainy weather, you must use the rice-poor-carbonase chelation-activated biological bacteria for foliar spraying to prevent seedlings from chilling, cold damage, or dead seedlings. Usage: After the rice emerges, it will be cooled, and it will be used before or after cooling. For every 360 square meters of greenhouse, use Fuerda Hebao, which is evenly sprayed with 30 kg of water and 30-45 kg of water to alleviate the low temperature hazard. Or rice 1 leaf 1 heart, every 360 square meters of greenhouse use 1 kg of water 30-45 kg evenly sprayed, good disease resistance and strong seedling effect. The above is the whole content of the full-cultivation technology breeding table for cold rice. If you want to plant cold rice, you can quickly come to Huinong.com. 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