How to cultivate ginseng? Radix Pseudostellariae is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine with great medicinal value. It is often used for symptoms such as loss of appetite, weakness after illness, and lack of qi and yin. In the current Chinese herbal medicine planting market, the market prospect of Taizishen is also very good. The following small series takes everyone to learn about the specific high-yield cultivation management technical measures of Radix Pseudostellariae.

太子参高产栽培管理技术要点

1 selection

Generally, while digging in the planting area, the seed is selected, and the yellow roots with complete bud heads, thick and sturdy body, neatness and no damage, and no pests and diseases are used for seeding.

2 Site selection and soil preparation

2.1 Site selection

When selecting the land, the ginseng should be selected, low mountains and hilly land, and the terrain is relatively high. The average elevation is 500 to 1500 meters, and it is better to plant the ginseng on the topsoil of the newly opened wasteland because of the new development. There are few pests and diseases on the topsoil of the wasteland, and the humus content is high. The soil is loose and fertile, which is conducive to the growth and development of the root system.

2.2 Soil preparation and fertilization

The selected land is firstly weeded and weeded, then the pears are turned and the impurities are mixed. The tea trays and the grooves are arranged in proportion to make the compartment clear. Finally, the base fertilizer is applied to the surface of the car. 100 kg of organic fertilizer and 50 kg of compound fertilizer are applied evenly into the cabin, covered with a layer of fine soil for use.

3 sowing

It is usually planted from late October to late December. It is advisable to use before the end of November. If the temperature is gradually lowered, the ginseng will start to sprout. When planting, it will easily hurt the bud head and affect the emergence of seedlings. In order to reduce the source of the disease and reduce the disease, it is generally diluted with 500 to 800 times of the fungicide such as carbendazim to inoculate and disinfect for 10 to 15 minutes, and then dried and then sown.

Planting method: The planting methods of Radix Pseudostellariae are flat planting and vertical planting.

太子参高产栽培管理技术要点

3.1 artificial spread

First, on the soil of the pear, arrange it into a tea tray-style compartment. The compartment should be clearly defined, and the ditch should be 10 to 15 cm deep. The width of the ditch is 20 cm to 25 cm, and the width of the car is 1.2 m. Then, 100 kg of the organic fertilizer per acre and 50 kg of compound fertilizer are applied evenly into the car, covered with a layer of fine soil. Then, the seed of the sterilized ginseng seeds is sown into the car. In order to achieve uniformity, the method of spreading is divided into three times. The ratio of the area of ​​the car and the total area is combined with the ratio of the amount of the car and the total amount of the seed. After the seed is used, the first time for each car is 60% of the seed volume, the second time is 30% of the seed, and the third time is 10% of the seed, so that Miao Qimiao is guaranteed. Strong, most of the plant spacing is 5 cm, after sowing the seeds, and then using the fine soil to cover the bow back shape, the target car surface does not accumulate water, the amount of seed per acre is 35 to 45 kg, and the planting depth of P. chinensis is generally controlled at 8 to 10 Centimeter is most suitable.

3.2 artificial placement

Also on the soil that turned the pears first, sorted into a tea tray-style compartment, the compartment is clear, the ditch is 10 to 15 cm deep. The width of the ditch is 20 cm to 25 cm, and the width of the car is 1.2 m. Then, 100 kg of the organic fertilizer per acre and 50 kg of compound fertilizer are applied evenly into the car, covered with a layer of fine soil. Then, the inoculated and sterilized seeds of Radix Pseudostellariae are artificially selected, and the seeds with no damage, uniform body shape and neat germination are selected, which are placed in the car by artificial tidying, and the plant spacing is 5 to 7 cm. After sowing the seeds, the requirements are required. The bud head is basically located on a straight line, and then covered with fine soil to form a bow-back shape. The purpose of the car is no water, and the amount of seed per acre is 30 to 35 kg. Generally, the planting depth of P. chinensis is 8 to 10 cm.

3.3 Herbicides are weeded within 15 to 25 days after sowing; generally glufosinate and acetochlor are applied in combination.

4 field management after emergence;

4.1 seedling management;

4.1.1 Watering

After planting, if the weather is dry, watering is needed to keep the soil moist, which promotes rooting and growth.

4.1.2 cultivating, weeding and cultivating soil

After planting, choose a sunny day, spray 50 kg of water with 0.05 to 0.1 kg of butachlor water to prevent a variety of weeds. When the spring seedlings are unearthed. Slow growth, wintering weeds, can be used for shallow sputum 1 time, the rest of the time should be pulled out to prevent root damage. After the first half of May, the plants have been closed. In addition to removing the large grass, weeding can be stopped to avoid affecting growth.

4.2 Growth and long-term management

4.2.1 Applying fertilizer

The ginseng ginseng has a short period of time, soft leaves and leaves, is not resistant to heavy fertilizer, and must be applied to the base fertilizer to meet the needs of plant reproduction. This is an important measure to increase production. Generally, it is mainly based on delayed-effect fertilizer. If pig fat, garbage compost, human waste, grass ash, poultry manure, etc., it must be fermented and cooked before it can be used. Fertilization method: Apply the base fertilizer before the tillage, or apply the base fertilizer directly into the sowing box to concentrate the fertilizer to improve the fertilizer efficiency. However, it should be noted that the fertilizer and the ginseng can not be directly contacted, and it should be covered with loose soil in the ditch after fertilization, so that the fertilizer is pressed under the soil or mixed well, otherwise the ginseng is easily rotted. When the land is relatively fertile, the base fertilizer is sufficient, and the plant grows well, it is generally not topdressed; in the case of lack of fertilizer, the stems and leaves of the plant should be topdressed when they are thin and thin. In the early stage of plant growth, 8 to 10 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be poured per acre to promote growth.

4.2.2 Water Management

The ginseng is afraid of cockroaches. Once water is accumulated, it is prone to root rot and death. It is necessary to keep the soil drained smoothly. In the dry and rainy season, attention should be paid to irrigation, which is kept moist and does not accumulate water for growth. In the field management process, you should avoid stepping on the face, otherwise it will easily cause local short-term water accumulation, so that the roots will rot and die, reducing production.

4.2.3 Control of pests and diseases

The main diseases of Pseudostellariae are viral diseases and underground pests. The principles to be followed for the prevention and control of Pests and Pests are: prevention and prevention.

a, Phyllostachys pubescens leaf blight

Hazard Symptoms: Black and gray lesions on the leaves and back, gradually spreading, causing the plants to wither.

Incidence pattern: In the rainy season, the air humidity is high and easy to occur. The pathogen spores are transmitted by rainwater and insects, and the pathogens are overwintered by the conidia on the diseased tissues, and the invasion of the leaves under wet conditions becomes the primary source of infection.

Control measures: to achieve the base fertilizer, early fattening, control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the later period, pay attention to the combination of organic fertilizer and fertilizer; choose a well-drained plot, rational close planting, sorghum planting, timely clearing ditch drainage after rain; digging weeding, pay attention to not damage the root system And affect the disease resistance; in the early stage of the disease, use root rot and ribavirin mixed to dilute 500 to 600 times liquid spray control, or use 65% sensible zinc wettable powder and 50% chlorothalonil diluted 500 to 600 times liquid spray control Spray once every 10 to 15 days, generally 2 to 3 times.

b, ginseng root rot

Hazard symptoms: damage to the roots, the fine roots of the damaged plants first brown dry rot, gradually spread to the thick roots, the roots cross-cut vascular bundle break and there are obvious brown lesions. In the later period, the roots rot and the ground is wilting.

The law of onset: high-humidity weather in hot summer season, especially low-lying land is easy to cause root rot.

Control measures: pay attention to drainage after rain to prevent stagnant water; in the onset period, use root rot and 50% carbendazim WP or 300-1000 times solution with root rot and 50% thiophanate-methyl WP to water the disease Strain.

c, Pseudostellariae mosaic disease

Hazard symptoms: The damaged plants are shrub and leafy, and the plants are atrophied.

Incidence pattern: The virus can accumulate in the plant body, with the poisonous roots as propagation materials, or infected by poisonous insects, causing the disease and expanding the harm.

Control measures: pay attention to the prevention and control of the transmission of virus aphids, the incidence period with chlorothalonil and 70% leaf carbazole wet powder or ribavirin and 50% methyl thiophanate wettable powder diluted 800 to 1000 times liquid spray control, every 10 It should be sprayed once every 15 days, generally 2 to 3 times.

d, 蛴螬

The genus Coleoptera is a larva of the chafer. Take the black chafer as an example to introduce the occurrence, harm and prevention of cockroaches.

Hazard symptoms: The larvae bite the underground rhizome of the seedlings, causing the seedlings to wither and die. The adults will eat irregular nicks or holes, leaving only the veins, petioles or remnants.

Occurrence law: hatching larvae invade the roots. When the soil temperature reaches 15 °C or above, it is convenient for the soil layer of 10 cm or more to feed. The summer temperature rises high, and it returns to the deep layer and does not eat. In autumn, it returns to the topsoil. Layer activities, after October, dive to 30 cm to winter. It is rainy in summer, the soil moisture is large, and the place where the manure is applied more often occurs seriously.

Control measures: First, the application of mature organic fertilizer to prevent the introduction of adult worms to lay eggs; Second, when there is a hazard in the field, the larvae that are harmed by the plants can be dug out for artificial killing; the third is to use 90% crystal trichlorfon per acre. 100 to 150 grams, or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 100 grams, 15 to 20 kilograms of fine soil mixed with toxic soil; fourth, 1500 times phoxim watering plant roots late, also has a good control effect.

太子参高产栽培管理技术要点

e, 蝼蛄

蝼蛄 is a Orthoptera, commonly known as a dog.

Hazard symptoms: 成 成 成 成 成 成 成 成 成 成 成 成 成 成 成 成 成 成 成 成 成 成 成 成 成 成 成 成 成 成 成 成 成 成 成 成 成 成 成 成 成

Control method: bait trapping: 50 kg of fine soil, dry and dry, mix 2.5% of the enemy insect powder 1 to 1.5 kg or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 0.3 to 0.5 kg, and then mix and use, then use Use 3 to 4 kilograms of poison bait and use it in the evening before dusk. It is also possible to trap adult insects by setting black light or the like.

f, small tiger

The small tiger is a silkworm, a wild egg, and belongs to the family Lepidoptera.

Hazard Symptoms: Small tigers are a harmful underground pest. Often bite off the seedlings from the ground and drag into the hole to continue to bite, or bite the unearthed young shoots, resulting in broken seedlings. When the stem base of the ginseng plant is hardened or the weather is wet, it can also bite the young branches of the branch.

Occurrence law: Adults lurk in the soil gap, dead leaves, weeds during the day, go out at night, have a strong phototaxis. Eggs are scattered in soil, leaves, weeds, etc. The larvae are suspended from death and migrate when the food is insufficient. The larvae are lurking under the topsoil after the age of 3, and the nighttime activities are harmful. The first generation of larvae occurred from late April to early May, and the seedlings were more severely damaged.

Control method: remove weeds and litter around the ground, eliminate wintering larvae and mites, and when the tigers begin to harm from April to May, mix them with toxic or sandy sand with 1:800 times of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate. Spreading, the effect is good, and 90% of the trichlorfon crystal can be used to pour the hole.

3 Harvesting, processing and storage

3.1 Harvest

After the planting of Radix Pseudostellariae in July of the following year, the rate of Prunus persicae was about 33%. Generally, the yield per mu is between 200 kg and 400 kg, and most of the leaves are harvested when they are brown. When picking up the ginseng, choose sunny days, it is easy to shake off the soil, and harvesting too early or too late will affect the yield and quality. If the harvest is delayed, it will often cause rot due to excessive rain. Except for the land reserved, the ginseng can not stay in the ground for a long time, so as not to affect its yield and quality.

3.2 processing classification

Freshly dig fresh ginseng, put it indoors and let it dry for 1 to 2 days, make the roots lose water and soften, then wash it with clean water, sprinkle it on the sun dam, expose it in sunlight for 2 to 3 days, but pay attention to it. The drying time should not be too long. After the sun-dried roots are placed in the basket, the roots are manually removed, and the product is dried until it is ready to be a commercial ginseng. Light color is good, pale yellow, slightly harder. The classification of Radix Pseudostellariae is divided according to the individual size of Taizishen; Xiaotong, Zhongtong and Datong.

3.3 storage

Pueraria ginseng should be stored in a dry, ventilated, low-temperature environment, pay attention to moisture, insect, anti-corrosion, etc., generally stored in a cold storage is appropriate.

The above is the whole content of the planting technology of Radix Pseudostellariae. The main points of each cultivation of P. chinensis are basically mentioned for everyone. Therefore, it is recommended that interested farmers friends come to Huinong.com to learn more!

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