Red Globe Viticulture Management Technology Key Points Red Globe is another large-scale grape variety after Kyufeng. The cultivation area of ​​Red Globe Grape has reached 25 million mu across 17 provinces and cities, and has continued to develop. There are also a small number of farmers in Jiangsu who have started to introduce plants. As regional differences and cultivation techniques are still at the stage of exploration, the Red Globe grapes produced in China are far inferior to imported Red Globe grapes in terms of color, grain weight, sugar content, and flavor, and their quality is quite different. Therefore, breaking through the cultivation techniques of the Red Globe grapes and improving the quality of domestically produced Red Globe grapes are the key to ensuring the successful promotion of the variety and enhancing market competitiveness. According to the research and practice of the cultivation technology of this species by experts and producers, the cultivation of Red Globe grapes should grasp the following points:
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First, the soil conditions of the garden, the choice of seedlings, and the stand type: the garden where Red Globe grapes are grown,
Should choose fertile deep sandy loam or loose loam, ph value between 6.5 ~ 7.5, irrigation and drainage of a good place. Planted grape seedlings should use strong roots, full shoots, and no disease and pests, which is the basis for ensuring successful planting. When the seedlings are planted, the plant spacing should be 1m to 1.5m, and the row spacing should be 4m to 5m. Shelf type, scaffolding cultivation. Shed cultivation will help ease the tree vigor, benefit the results, reduce pests and diseases, and it is also easy to carry bags and prevent sunburn.
Second, fertilizer and water management. Into the results of the period, you need to be big and big. During the result period, the base fertilizer was dominated by organic fertilizers. Each year, the maturity of the manure was 5,000 kg of organic manure fertilizer, and more than 500 kg of calcium sulfate or superphosphate. Top dressing, top dressing 3 times to 4 times, generally before budding, after fruit set, fruit enlargement period, grape after harvest. Fertilizer type, pre-emergence urea or di-amino-based, nitrogen-based fertilizer after fruit set, fruit-based expansion of potash fertilizer mainly after the harvest of three-element compound fertilizer. Each top dressing dosage is generally controlled at about 20 kg/mu. Each topdressing is done in combination with watering. In addition, according to tree vigor and growth conditions, depending on the situation outside the top dressing, generally from the beginning of late August, every 15 days combined spraying 0.3% ~ 0.5% urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or trace elements, in order to promote the fruit And branches mature. Do not spray ripening regulators such as ethylene before ripening the grapes, otherwise the quality of the fruits will be poor. Watering should be controlled 20 days before harvesting.
Third, control of production and fruit management. In mature gardens, the output should be controlled between 2000 and 2500 kg. In production, we must overcome the blind pursuit of high-yield practices to ensure the quality of the grapes. Controlling production is an important measure to improve the quality of fruit. Fruit and fruit management is mainly flowering and earing. For large ears, too spikelets, and shaped ears should be removed. Each ear should not exceed 1000 grams. In combination with topping strips, the ears should be sorted out, and the tips of the long ears should be removed to make the ears consistent and neat. The secondary ear that emerges should be promptly removed, and small grains and deformed fruit should also be removed to avoid wasting nutrients.
Fourth, pruning, pruning. Due to the large amount of growth, Red Globe Grapes should adopt single-stem double-armed pruning, short shoots or mid-to-short shoots. The red earth grape bud eye is not resistant to frost, and trimming late often causes freezing damage, so be sure to bring the leaves to trim. Planting grapes that grow well in the same year can be trimmed with 2 to 3 full shoots for flattening, and the second year extension of vines is still 1 to 1.5 meters long. Leave one main vine per plant and keep 3 to 4 result branches on each main vine. When the new shoots reach 30 cm to 40 cm, shoot the vines and keep 6 to 7 new shoots, including 3 of them. ~ 4 fruiting, 2 to 3 vegetative shoots. Picking the heart should not be too early, because the species after picking the heart, the second and third shoot growth is weak, and the leaves are small. The fruit branches are updated and the two shoots are updated. Two new shoots are left at each result site, one as the result branch and the other as the preparation branch. Cut off the resulting shoots during winter cuts, leaving the preparation branches. In the second year, two new shoots will be made from the ready branches. One will be the result and the other will be the ready branch. Red globe branches are more greedy and less prone to ageing. As a result, branches are less likely to age. Two-branch renewal helps to ensure that there is a robust fruiting branch every year and that there is enough leaf area to supply the nutrition of the grapes. Red Globe grapes have a leaf to fruit ratio of 40 to 45:1.
Fifth, after the flower topping and auxiliary tip processing. The tipping time of the new shoots was carried out after fruiting, and the tips were picked up at 6-8 leaves in front of the ear. This makes the ear relatively loose and facilitates fruit thinning. Reserve leaves more than 10 leaves topping. Auxiliary tip management, the sub tips below the ears are all removed, the auxiliary tip above the ear to leave at least 3 to 4 leaves topping, absolutely can not leave a leaf topping, because the red earth grape winter buds easily germinated.
Six, pest control. Red earth leaves are not resistant to downy mildew, black pox and anthrax, and fruits are not resistant to gray mold. There are mainly spider mites, aphids, etc. in the pests. Prevention and control of pests and diseases should implement the principle of “prevention as the mainstay and comprehensive prevention and controlâ€, prevent and control the spraying of pesticides in time, and do not fight drugs after getting sick, especially in the rainy season. Spraying 5 degrees of lime sulfur in the early spring and spraying two half-volume Bordeaux mixture in the early stage are the key measures for controlling black pox and gray mold. Spray Cobo or carbendazim before and after flowering. After fruiting, care should be taken to prevent white rot and anthrax. Every 10 days to 15 days, according to the incidence of the situation selected to spray the same amount of Bordeaux mixture or Kebo or Dasheng-M45 or Tuezai or Fumei liquid, can also be Bordeaux mixture or tetromycin or thiram alternately spray Shi to prevent and treat various diseases. In the later period, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of downy mildew, which can be sprayed with 40% diphosphoryl aluminum agent 200 times to 300 times or 25% metalaxyl 600 times. If the disease is heavy, it can be sprayed once every 5 days to 7 days. .
Seven, bagging. Red Globe grapes must be bagged. Bagging not only helps prevent the infection of pathogens, but also helps to prevent sunburn. Bags should be made of good quality, breathable bags. Bagging time, when the size of the fruit beans, bagging, bagging before applying a protective agent. When the 5% fruit begins to color, the fruit bag is removed to promote coloration. Before the fruit is harvested, the old leaves in the lower part of the ear and the branches and leaves that cover the ear should be removed to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the ear. 