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1, increase the utilization of chemical fertilizers. Deep application of chemical fertilizers can reduce the loss and waste of chemical fertilizers. In the soil layers containing 6 to 10 cm below the surface of ammonium bicarbonate and urea, specific nitrogen application efficiency can be increased from 27% and 37% to 50% respectively. 58%. After extensive application of chemical fertilizer deep mechanization technology, the average nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate can be increased from 30% to more than 40%. Phosphorus, potassium and other fertilizers and deep applications can also reduce the loss of wind erosion, promote crop absorption and extend fertilizer efficiency, and increase fertilizer utilization.
2, increase crop yields. Deep application of chemical fertilizers can promote root development, enhance crop absorption of nutrients, moisture, and drought resistance, which is conducive to plant growth and thus increase crop yields. Under the same conditions, wheat and corn applied deeper than the ground can increase production by 225-675 kg/hm2, and soybeans can increase production by 225-375 kg/hm2, and the average increase rate is between 5% and 15%.
3, mechanical operations can ensure species and fertilizer positioning isolation, to avoid burning phenomenon. When fertilizers are mixed in the same bed, chemical fertilizers are in direct contact with the seeds, which can easily invade the seed and seedling roots and cause burning and sprouting. The mechanical deep application of chemical fertilizer can be applied to the seed 3 to 6 cm, 4 to 5 cm on the seed side, so that there is a 3 cm soil isolation layer between the seed and the fertilizer, avoiding the occurrence of seed burning, which is conducive to keeping seedlings and increasing yield.
4. Mechanical fertilization has high work efficiency, low labor intensity, and obvious savings. The productivity of machine-introduced chemical deep-drawing machines is generally 0.33 to 0.67 hm2 per hour, which is 10 to 20 times more efficient than manual operations. The deep mechanization of chemical fertilizers has significant cost-effectiveness.
The mechanization of chemical fertilizers
1. Deep application of base fertilizer should be combined with soil ploughing operations. At present, there are two methods for deep application of base fertilizer. One is to plough the soil first after spreading fertilizer, and the second is to apply chemical fertilizer to furrows while plowing, and the second method is better.
2, deep fertilizer application. The seed fertilizer must be applied deep at the same time as the seeding, which can be accomplished by installing the fertilizer tank and the row fertilizer device on the seeder. The requirements for implements are not only able to strictly assure agronomic, seeding, seeding, depth, spacing, row spacing, etc., but also can form a soil isolation layer with a certain thickness (generally above 3cm) between seed and fertilizer. To meet the needs of nutrients in the growth of seedlings in the crops, and to avoid the phenomenon of burning seedlings mixed with fertilizers.
The application of this technology to rational application of chemical fertilizers in field soil treatment should follow the following basic principles:
(1) Choose the appropriate fertilizer type.
(2) The application of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers. Fertilizers and organic fertilizers are applied in combination to make use of complementary effects to meet the needs of crops for nutrients in various periods.
(3) Do a good job of fertilizer application according to the amount of fertilization and the appropriate proportion of various nutrient elements. If the demand is higher, it should be ensured that the depth of the soil is the same, there is no leakage tillage, the level of soil is broken, and the soil is in a proper condition.
There are many benefits of deep chemical fertilizers, mainly in the following four aspects: