Key production measures for middle-production of soft-shelled turtle in greenhouse

At present, with the improvement of living standards and increasing awareness of quality and safety, people are required to eat quality and safe commodities. Therefore, reducing production costs and improving product quality are the inevitable ways for the survival and development of the breeding industry in the future. The soft-shelled turtle breeding is an important stage in the whole turtle breeding production. It has the characteristics of high density, feeding and concentrating, water pollution, and many diseases. It is important for the turtle's greenhouse cultivation to increase the economic benefits of the whole turtle breeding. effect. The author believes that the soft-shelled turtle greenhouse cultivation should mainly do the following six aspects of the work:
1. Cleaning and Disinfection of Dianchi Lake After cultivation of the greenhouse Dianchi Lake in the previous year, various pathogenic bacteria, residual baits, feces, and other contaminants have been enriched. It is extremely important to clean and disinfect Dianchi Lake. The sand in Dianchi Lake is best replaced, and the Dianchi Lake, which cannot be replaced or sand-free, should be washed and disinfected repeatedly. In Dianchi Lake, about 10cm of water is used 10 days before use, and 10ppm of chlorine dioxide Quanchiposa is used to kill pathogens.
Second, seed selection and reasonable stocking
1. Seedling selection The nursery should choose healthy, non-injury, disease-free, germplasm-excellent varieties. Its specifications are neat and require each body weight to be above 3.5g, with strong vitality and quick response. Do not purchase foreign seedlings without customs quarantine.
2. Disinfection of seedlings The seedlings must be surface-sterilized before they are stocked, by placing the seedlings in plastic pots, soaking in salt water at a concentration of 1.5% to 2.0% for 7 minutes to 8 minutes, and soaking in water. It is advisable to submerge the back of the seedlings.
3. Reasonably put seedlings and shoots should be fed in a timely manner, available juvenile feed. It is best to add 10% to 15% of fresh leeches or yolks in the first feed to open bait. The method is to eat directly in the stocking pond to reduce carcass damage, and also to make the carcass. Early in the pool, early adaptation, early growth. Reasonable stocking density is also very important. Generally, the stocking density of juveniles is between 3.5 g and 15 g. The stocking density is 50/m2 to 80/m2; between December and New Year's day, the weight of 15 g to 50 g is suitable for stocking. Densities range from 25/m2 to 40/m2; from New Year's day to February, the stocking densities of 50g to 150g of pups range from 15/m2 to 30/m2; from February to June, weight Carcass stocking density of more than 150g is 10/m2 to 12/m2.
Third, the temperature control in the greenhouse The water temperature is within 30 °C ~ 32 °C for the turtle's best growing environment. When the water temperature is higher than 20°C, the soft-shelled turtle starts feeding and the food intake increases as the water temperature rises. If the water temperature is lower than the optimal temperature, the digestive enzyme synthesis level of the carcass is low, and the feed conversion rate is low; when the water temperature is higher than the optimal temperature, the feed conversion rate will be reduced because the carcass activity increases. The temperature in the greenhouse is generally controlled between 33°C and 35°C and should be kept as constant as possible.
Fourth, science and reasonable feeding
1. Feeding methods Underwater feeding is suitable for feeding habits of soft-shelled turtles, making them faster to feed; at the same time, the use of soft-powdered feeds to feed than block feeds can reduce feed wastage.
2. Control of feeding amount The soft-shelled turtle is greatly influenced by environmental changes. When the temperature, water temperature, changes in the water environment, and medication are taken into account, the impact on the soft-shelled turtle should be taken into consideration. The amount of feeding must be adjusted in time. General underwater feeding should be controlled feeding within 30 minutes is appropriate, if the water feeding general grasping the amount of feeding within 1.5 hours to 2.0 hours is appropriate. In addition, the growth of soft-shelled turtles should pursue a balance, and the purpose of accelerating their growth cannot be achieved by increasing the amount of feeding. Excessive ingestion of soft-shelled turtles results in excessive growth of the soft-shelled turtle, which can lead to an increase in the physiological load of the soft-shelled turtle, causing damage to internal organs and inducing visceral diseases. It is usually fed 2 times a day, and it is advisable to control the dry weight of 2% to 4% of carcass weight per day.
3. Selection of feeds In soft-shelled turtle breeding, the cost of feed accounts for about 40%. Feed quality and quality of feeds determine the level of aquaculture costs. Therefore, it is necessary to choose a stable, full price produced by a large-scale regular feed manufacturer. Formulated feed. In the aquaculture production, about 10% of the pollution-free vegetables containing vitamins and fibers are added to the compound feed, such as green vegetables, carrots, pumpkins, etc., which can help the turtle digest, reduce the feed coefficient, and increase the disease resistance of the carcass. .
V. Regulation of water quality
1. The pH value of the pool water should be controlled to be slightly alkaline, and pathogenic bacteria in the water body should not survive under slightly alkaline conditions; controlling the pH of the pool water to between 7.5 and 8.0 will reduce the incidence of the turtle. In the production, quicklime can be used to adjust the pH value of the water body. The general dosage is 15ppm to 20ppm. Excessive doses will increase irritation and cause soft-shelled turtle stress response; small-dose, multi-use methods may also be used. .
2. The transparency of the water body is preferably 25cm to 35cm, and the water color is yellowish green or dark brown.
3, Dissolved soft-shelled turtle is an amphibian reptile that breathes in the lungs, but most of the time it lives in water and absorbs oxygen in the water by assisting the respiratory organs. If the long-term dissolved oxygen content of aquaculture waters is insufficient, it may cause a low dissolved oxygen syndrome in the soft-shelled turtle, decrease the ability of blood vessels to transport oxygen, weaken growth, damage tissues, and increase the sensitivity to infectious diseases. In aquaculture, the method of aeration is commonly used to improve dissolved oxygen in water while reducing the content of harmful gases in the water and oxidizing organic matter. In the daily management, it is necessary to ensure the smoothness of the inflatable facilities, adjust the length of the inflating time according to the state of the water body, and pay attention to the fixed inflating time, so that the soft-shelled turtles can become habituated and reduce worrying.
4. Water quality training Application of microbial preparations to cultivating water can improve the stability and self-purification of water bodies, and it can also greatly save water quality control and other aspects of investment. Greenhouses with general dark conditions can use photosynthetic bacteria or beneficial microorganisms such as bacillus to reduce the content of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in water, and decompose organic matter and other harmful substances at the same time; greenhouses with good lighting conditions can be cultured with EM compound microbial preparations. The body of water helps algae to create water balance. Production practices have proved that the use of beneficial microecological agents is an effective method for improving water quality, purifying sediment, and preventing diseases. At the same time, the frequency and number of water changes should be reduced to save on utilities.
5. Sewage and water exchange Regular discharge of pollutants is an effective means of controlling water quality. The pools with good concentration of pollutants have a significant effect on the regular discharge of pollutants. Changing the water is the most direct way to regulate water quality. However, frequently changing the water is too costly. On the other hand, changing the water is easy to destroy the ecological balance of the original water body. Therefore, changing the water should be based on the situation of the water body to determine the amount of water change, and take necessary. A small amount of water change can avoid a lot of water changes.
Sixth, the disease control According to the characteristics of the different growth stages of soft-shelled turtle, combined with daily observation is the key to doing a good job of disease prevention. Generally, juveniles should be soaked in 3 liters of salt water and 2 minutes of baking soda for 20 minutes before entering the pool. Before the body weight reaches 50g, it is necessary to prevent the occurrence of mycosis. At this stage, it is necessary to quickly cultivate the juvenile constitution and avoid mechanical damage. Sexual injury as the focus of disease prevention work; weight of 50g ~ 100g pups to be careful to prevent the occurrence of white spot disease; weight 150g to adult stage to prevent acne disease.
Disinfect the body of water 1 time every 15 days to 20 days, disinfectant drugs are quicklime, bromine chlorine preparations, photosynthetic bacteria and EM bacteria and other alternate disinfection, while regularly adding 1‰ to 2‰ vitamin C, florfenicol in the feed alternately Tests, immune polysaccharides, etc., to enhance the turtle's immunity. The disease should be immediately identified when the disease is found, correctly diagnosed according to the symptoms, and the right medicine is prescribed and treated in time. Promote the use of microbial preparations and Chinese herbal medicines instead of antibiotics to control the occurrence of turtle disease.
Author: Zhejiang Province Fishery Technology Promotion Station

Goji Berry is Chinese important "medicine food homology" functional genuine herbs. As the origin place and main producing areas of Chinese and world wide Goji berry, Ningxia Province has preponderant industry. Goji industry has been the important pillar in adjusting agriculture structure and transforming the economic growth pattern.

There are many problems in traditional Goji planting, such as non-standard planting, unstable quality, Goji low safety level, depending too much on chemical pesticide and fertilizer, polluting air and groundwater, delay ripening and integrating in corresponding cultivation techniques, low penetration of new technologies and extensive management. Our company began planting organic Goji berry from 2003, and has invested more than RMB 36 million. Using the mode of transferring land and subcontracting, we have established more than 75 hundred acres of organic Goji base in Zhongning, Haiyuan, Guyuan and Delingha, under the Good Agricultural Practices(GAP). High standard design, scientific management, standardize manufacture as organic standard from organic base choosing, plant breeding, planting, fertilizing, diseases and insect pests controlling, picking, to transportation, further processing, sale. We apply quality traceability system, mechanized farming, standardized management, proceeding operation, stoving and processing together.

Wolfberry Company mainly introduces Goji diseases and insect pests bio-control technology in technique, such as matrine, veratrine, Cynanchum komarovii, pyrethrum; also introduces modern high biological technology (natural biological and plant pesticides such as biological protective agent, fertilizer-making agent, soil purificant, ferment fertilizer, biological enzyme, Cynanchum komarovii), combining use "prevent", "tempt", "seal", "engineer", "change", "drug".Effective prevent and control Goji pests and diseases, achieve manufacturing "safe, effective, steady, controllable" high quality organic Goji.

Our company is the only enterprise internationally recognized organic food certifications by NOP, EU, JAS and China, is the birthplace of Chinese organic Goji berry.

 Wolfberry Company is the birthplace of Chinese organic Goji, is the only company planting organic Goji. Now we have more than 75 hundred acres of Goji planting Base, which are under organic planting standard, without using chemical pesticide and fertilizer. Their production mode is ecological, natural and safe. Products reach the North America, European Union and Japanese level including requirements in pesticide residue, chemical substances residue, residue of veterinary drug, which guarantee the quality from production source. Our base and plant have internationally/nationally recognized organic food certifications such as NOP, EU and JAS.

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