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First, the choice of species. High-yield cultivars are the key. In the production, varieties with drought resistance, cold resistance, short dormancy period in summer, high yield, disease resistance, and rapid growth should be selected. In addition to the above-mentioned characteristics, China's giant onions with excellent comprehensive performance also show wide adaptability, lax soil requirements, and excellent quality.
Second, timely sowing. The temperature difference between north and south of China is larger, the temperature is different, and the sowing date is different. The northern provinces are generally sown in autumn and spring, which are the end of September to November of each year and the month of April to the end of Spring Festival. This can all be in June of the following year. Before and after transplanting. However, in general, sowing in the autumn is more than 20% higher than the spring sowing.
Third, nursery. The amount of mu is 250-300 grams, and the area of ​​seedbed before sowing is 140 square meters. Before sowing, the seedbed was evenly applied with 5 kg of compound fertilizer. The soil leveling rake, with solid water after the foot down, until the water seepage, the seeds were evenly sprinkled into the rake, and covered with fine soil 1 cm, and finally into bait to prevent underground pests. Use less or no chemicals to reduce the toxicity of onion shoots.
Fourth, transplanting. Onion seedlings generally grow to about 50 cm and can be transplanted. Former crops are best for picking up vegetables or wheat or rape. Planting plots with ploughs open the ditch, trench 80 cm, ditch depth of 20 cm or so, according to Mushi Sanyuan compound fertilizer 30 kg, 15 kg of diammonium equal amount into the ditch. In areas with more underground pests, about 10 kg/mu of mu for poisonous baits should be applied, and then the ditch should be ditched again so that the soil and fertilizer can be mixed evenly. Increase the depth of the ditch. Finally, fill the ditch with water. Immediately after the water infiltrates, insert the onion sprouts into the ditch. The speed is faster. Planting seedlings to the depth of 2 cm below the leaves is appropriate, the groove was a triangle double colonization, far from the line, close to see two lines. The production practice has proved that the transplanting method has high working efficiency, and the survival rate of onion seedlings is 100%. There is no seedling growth period and rapid growth.
Fifth, field management. One month after planting, the first topdressing was performed. Mushi urea and three elements (NPK) were each 10 kg, and they were sprinkled into the ditch. After the soil was cultivated, it was watered without delay. After the second topdressing 40 days, the fertilizer type method is the same as above. After each fertilization, the soil should be cultivated.
Six, pest control. Onions such as green onions, leafflies, and thrips are mainly harmful to the leaves. Prevention should be the main method, and pest control should be supplemented. Early detection and early management of pests should be carried out. The common pharmacy pyrethroid pesticides or fast spirits are used alternately. Infested pests usually spray once every 10 days. Onion downy mildew, gray mold, rust, etc., with 58% of toxic MnZn, metalaxyl or 75% chlorothalonide 600 times the control effect is better.
Seven, harvest. About 120 days after transplanting, it can be harvested, and the yield per mu is over 8,000 kg.
Onion as an important vegetable and indispensable condiment, in recent years, the market has developed rapidly, sales are smooth, and the trend is stable. Edible spring onions have stronger health effects than ordinary vegetables, and the southern market has also shown strong momentum of production and sales. The development of welsh onion production is an effective way for farmers to be active and secure and increase their income.