Sprinkler irrigation and micro-irrigation automatic control equipment With the development of economy, water resources, energy shortage and labor cost increase, more and more water-saving irrigation systems will adopt automatic control. This article focuses on the advantages and classification of automated irrigation. Degree Irrigation Nozzle,Irrigation for Agriculture,Impact Drive Sprinkler,Plastic Drip Irrigation Fittings JIANGSU SKYPLAN GREENHOUSE TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD , https://www.spgreenhouse.com
The advantages are as follows:
(1) It is possible to truly control the amount of irrigation, irrigation time and irrigation cycle in a timely and appropriate manner, thereby increasing crop yield and significantly improving water utilization.
(2) Saving labor and operating expenses.
(3) The work plan can be arranged conveniently and flexibly, and the management personnel do not have to go to the field at night or other inconvenient time.
(4) Since it can increase the effective working time every day, the initial capital investment in pipelines, pumping stations, etc. can be reduced accordingly.
classification:
First, fully automated irrigation system
The fully automated irrigation system does not require direct human involvement. The pre-programmed control procedures and certain parameters that reflect the water requirements of the crop can automatically open and close the pump for a long time and automatically irrigate in a certain order. The role of the person is simply to adjust the control program and overhaul the control equipment. In this system, in addition to emitters (heads, drip heads, etc.), pipes, fittings, pumps, and motors, it also includes central controllers, automatic valves, sensors (soil moisture sensors, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, water level sensors, and rain sensors). Etc.) and wires.
Second, semi-automatic irrigation system
In the semi-automated irrigation system, no sensors are installed in the field. The irrigation time, irrigation volume and irrigation period are controlled according to pre-programmed procedures, rather than feedback based on crop and soil moisture and meteorological conditions. The degree of automation of such systems is very different. For example, some pump stations implement automatic control, and some pump stations use manual control. Some central controllers are only one timer with simple programming function, and some systems have no central control. The controller, but only some of the sequential switching valves or volume valves are installed on each branch pipe.
Automated irrigation is the trend of the times. In the future water-saving irrigation projects, more and more automated irrigation systems will be applied.
The artificial hatching of geese gradually turns into electrical hatching. Electro-incubation has more advantages than traditional stalled hatching, such as constant temperature, cleanliness, and easy management. The disadvantage is that the equipment investment is slightly larger. If the appliance is used for temperature incubation, the hatching rate of goose eggs can be significantly improved. The main points of this technology are summarized as follows: (1) Equipment and Incubation Procedures The temperature-changing hatching geese generally use a combination of multiple hatchery machines, adopts all-in and all-out systems, and sets up different environments in different stages for hatching. The entire incubation period can be divided into 3 or 4 stages. If divided into 3 stages, they are 1 to 14 days, 15 to 28 days, and 29 to 31 days, respectively. The temperatures were 38°C, 37.5°C, 36.5°C, respectively. If divided into 4 stages, they are: 1 to 9 days, 10 to 18 days, 19 to 28 days, and 29 to 31 days. The temperatures were 38°C, 37°C, 37°C, 36.5°C, respectively. The latter is suitable for a hatchery with a certain scale. In the first three periods, different temperature and humidity are set to hatch in different incubators, and 29 to 31 days are performed in the hatcher. This requires 2 to 3 hatching machines and 1 hatching machine. (B) structural characteristics of goose egg surface area is relatively small, eggshell thick, hard shell, not easy to crush, shell film is also thick, small pores, tough inner shell membrane, resulting in tight stomatal closure, a direct impact on Gas exchange, moisture evaporation, heat transfer, and clamshell hatching. Conventional hatchery geese do not break easily. (C) Egg Selection and Disinfection Eggs should come from healthy and good geese. Reasonable feed nutrition is also an important factor affecting the quality of eggs. In addition, egg weight, egg shape, egg shell quality, egg freshness, cleanliness, and proper male-female ratio are the necessary conditions for selecting goose eggs. After the eggs are produced, they are usually sterilized twice. For the first time, formalin fumigation was used to disinfect it before storage (by fumigation in a volume of 30 ml of formalin and 15 g of high-potassium manganese potassium in a volume of 1 cubic meter for 20 to 30 minutes). The second time, soaking and disinfecting at the time of incubating can wash egg surface dirt together (it can use 0.1% benzalkonium bromide or 0.03%-0.05% potassium permanganate blisters for 2 to 3 minutes, wash and drain Dry after hatching). (D) Preservation and Placement of Eggs The appropriate temperature for keeping eggs is 10-15°C. The suitable time is preferably within 1 week, and no more than 15 days. The hatching rate of hatching eggs is obviously decreased after 15 days. The suitable humidity is about 75%. If you save for more than 1 week, you can turn the egg 1 or 2 times a day and change the angle. If you raise the egg carton on one side, turn the egg on the other side and raise the other side. The egg bank should be clean and free from direct sunlight. (5) Control of temperature and humidity (1) Temperature: As the goose egg has a special structure such as shell membrane, egg shell, stomata and inner shell membrane, the hatching egg is heated slowly at the initial stage of incubation, and its fat content is relatively high, plus the middle and late stages. A large amount of physiological heat is generated, making it difficult to dissipate heat. Therefore, during the incubation process, the principle of Schwarm is: high in the pre-incubation, mid-term, slightly lower in the later period, slightly higher when hatching. It should be noted that egg temperature is different from the air temperature inside the aircraft. The two differ significantly depending on the age of the gestational age, the wind power of the machine, and the outside temperature. The temperature measured by the electrical stand-up machine is generally the air temperature inside the machine. Attention should be paid to monitoring the embryos. Egg temperature. The temperature control varies depending on the model, temperature, and goose variety. (2) Humidity: The principle of temperature is two high and middle level. The first 1 to 9 days are 65% to 70%, the middle 10 to 18 days are 60% to 65%, the late 19 to 28 days are 65% to 70%, and the hatching period is 29 to 31 days, which is 72%. In the early stage, the embryos need to form a large amount of amniotic fluid and allantoic fluid, and the internal temperature is high, and the relative humidity should be slightly larger; in the medium term, the humidity should be slightly lower to exclude the amniotic fluid and allantoic fluid; later, to prevent fluff and eggshell Adhesion, the relative humidity should be increased to the same as in the previous period; the humidity during the hatching period should be greater, 72%, 25 days after the combination of water spray to increase humidity. Humidity should not be excessive, and over 75% can cause poor ventilation. Embryos can cause acidosis due to poor gas exchange and cause embryos to suffocate and die. On the other hand, when the shell is out of humidity, the bacteria in the machine multiply, and goslings are susceptible to umbilicus infection and omphalitis. (6) Cool eggs and water spray (1) Cool eggs and water spray are effective measures to adjust humidity and have a great impact on hatching rate. In the early stage of hatching, eggs are generally not cool, and the temperature of the middle and late eggs often reaches 39°C or more. Due to the relatively small surface area of ​​the shell, the pores are small and the heat dissipation is slow. If too much physiological heat is not distributed in time, it will affect development or cause stillbirth. Cold eggs can strengthen the gas exchange of the embryos and eliminate the build-up of heat in the eggs. Incubate until 17 to 19 days, open the lid, cool eggs once a day, 25 days later, the physiological heat, cool eggs 3 to 4 times a day. The cool eggs range in length, and they are flexibly controlled according to the actual situation. When the temperature of eggs dropped to 35°C, hatching continued. (2) Water spray is the key to improving the hatching rate of goose eggs. The function of the water spray has three points: one is to destroy the shell membrane; the other is to promote the continuous contraction and expansion of the egg shell and shell membrane, destroy their integrity, increase the permeability, accelerate the water evaporation and the normal weight loss of the egg, and make the gas The volume of the room became large and oxygen supply was sufficient; the third was the crispness of the shell. Goose eggshell shell thickness, hard shell. The former affects gas exchange and water evaporation, the latter causing clam shells difficult. The presence of the shell membrane is beneficial to the early stage of hatching and is disadvantageous to the later stage. To get rid of it, it is necessary to spray water on the embryonic eggs after 19 days (early injection of water is not conducive to the collapse of the allantoic blood vessels). Spray cold water when the temperature is high, and spray 35°C warm water when the temperature is low. Spray 1 to 4 times a day, as appropriate. Wet the eggs, let them dry, and continue to hatch. After repeated spraying of water, the calcium carbonate in the eggshell becomes calcium bicarbonate under the effect of water and carbon dioxide, the hardened eggshell becomes soft, and the goslings easily break the shell, thereby increasing the hatching rate.