How is buckwheat grown? Many people don't know much about buckwheat, one of the food crops. In fact, buckwheat contains more nutritious value than many common grains, and buckwheat also has medicinal value. The following brings you a planting technique of buckwheat in Liangjue County, Liangshan Prefecture, for reference only! 1 variety selection After years of cultivation, many buckwheat varieties have been formed in different regions of China. These varieties have their own characteristics and should be carefully selected before cultivation. First, it is necessary to select varieties that have been widely cultivated locally and confirmed to be suitable for local cultivation. Secondly, it is necessary to select varieties with strong resistance, that is, varieties that have certain resistance to common local pests and diseases, adverse environments such as drought and high temperature; Finally, choose an excellent variety with high yield and adaptability. 2 Site preparation and land preparation Practice has shown that buckwheat continuous cropping will greatly increase the probability of occurrence of pests and diseases. Therefore, the first plot of uncultivated buckwheat should be selected first. Generally, beans and rhizome are the best. In addition, since the roots of buckwheat are relatively straight and extremely underdeveloped, the requirements for soil are high, and it is necessary to select a land with deep, fertile soil and convenient irrigation and drainage. After selecting a good plot, it is necessary to carry out tillage, and the depth of tillage is preferably 20~30cm. After ploughing, level off and remove all kinds of debris from the land. If the pests and diseases of the plot occur frequently, 1% copper sulphate or ferrous sulfate should be applied to the soil surface after the soil preparation to kill the bacteria and eggs. 3 Rational fertilization The first is to apply the base fertilizer, the base fertilizer is mainly based on the decomposed farm organic fertilizer, but it is necessary to pay attention to the use of decomposed straw fertilizer. Once the decomposed straw fertilizer is not well cooked, it may carry germs or eggs. Buckwheat grows with more nutrients, and the base fertilizer should be applied adequately, generally 5,000-6000kg/667m2. If the land is not too fertile, it is necessary to add 15-20 kg/667 m2 of phosphate fertilizer and 40-50 kg/667 m2 of plant ash. If the amount of decomposed farm organic fertilizer is insufficient, it is also possible to apply 20 kg of superphosphate and 5-8 kg of urea per 667 m2 as the base fertilizer, and the effect is also very good. However, as far as conditions permit, try to apply farm organic fertilizer. 4 seed treatment The seed treatment before sowing mainly includes three steps of sun-breeding, soaking seeds and seed dressing. The first is sun-breeding. About 7 days before sowing, the buckwheat seeds are turned over for 1 to 2 days to remove the moisture and germs that are contaminated during storage. Note that it is turned over, usually 1 to 2 hours, otherwise it will cause local temperature. Excessively high, burnt seeds; followed by soaking seeds, soaking seeds can also be selected, soaking the seeds in warm water of 50-60 ° C for 20~30 min, while picking up the flakes floating on the water surface, select the seeds In order to improve the germination rate of the seeds; the last is seed dressing, this step must not be omitted, especially for plots with more underground pests and diseases, you can directly purchase seed dressings for seed dressing, 40% pentachloronitrobenzene powder 0.5 Kkg mixed seeds 50kg, have a good control effect on blight, ring disease, brown spot and white mold. 5 sowing The seeding methods mainly include sowing and stripping. Spreading can be divided into two types: first arable land and then seeded and then seeded. The advantage is that it is good for grazing and sowing after rain, saving labor and time. The disadvantage is that the seeds are thick and uneven, the depth is different, and the seedlings are uneven. . The seeding is divided into two types: ditching and plowing, and the general line spacing is 20~30cm. The method of plowing is to plow the ditch, spread the seeds together with the organic fertilizer into the ditch, and then cover the soil. The advantage of the seeding is that the depth of the covering is basically the same, the emergence rate is high, the seedlings are tidy, which is conducive to ventilation and ventilation, and is convenient for field management. However, the disadvantage is that the plowing is easy to disperse and should only be used in the summer rainy season. The seeding depth is generally 5 to 6 cm. Summer sowing should be shallower, 3 to 4 cm. The lyrics should be deeper, and the lyrics should be shallower; the sandy soil should be deeper, the clay soil should be shallower, and cover 5 to 6 cm of soil after sowing. Generally, 4~4.5kg/667m2 is planted when sowing, and 4.5~5kg/667m2 when sowing. Seeding density is affected by many factors: First, the variety: the compact plant type can be properly planted, and the varieties with more dispersed plants can appropriately reduce the seeding rate. Second, the land: the land with fertile land, good ventilation and sufficient sunshine can be properly planted. Although proper close planting can improve the land utilization rate and increase the yield of buckwheat, when the density is too high, the plants will compete for nutrients, light and water. Etc., causing a decline in quality and yield. 6 Field management 6.1 cultivating and weeding When the buckwheat seedlings grow to 2 to 3 leaves, the first cultivating can be carried out to achieve the purpose of loosening the soil, promoting the growth of the roots of the seedlings, and removing the weeds. At the same time, if the amount of seeding is large, it is also possible to take the opportunity to appropriately reduce the seedling density of the seedlings, to make the growth of buckwheat more balanced, to avoid nutrient waste, and to cooperate with fertilization during cultivating. After the first ploughing, weeding and weeding can be carried out according to soil agglomeration and weed growth, usually once every 30 to 45 days. 6.2 Water and fertilizer management Buckwheat is a wet-wet crop, and attention should be paid to keeping the land moist. If the weather is dry, it should be irrigated in time. However, there should be no water in the plot, otherwise it will affect the growth and development of the roots of buckwheat. Generally, in the second intermediate cultivation, 2.5 to 3 kg/667 m2 of diammonium phosphate or 55 kg/667 m2 of urea may be applied. It can also be sprayed on water to spray on the leaves, but the top dressing should not be excessive, otherwise it may cause lengthening and reduce production. 7 Pest Control Common pests and diseases of buckwheat include blight, ring rot, brown spot, white mold and aphids, sticky insects, tigers, grasshoppers, and thorn moths. The main prevention measures include: The first is to select varieties that have certain resistance to frequent pests and diseases in the local area; The second is to implement a reasonable rotation; The third is to disinfect the soil before planting; The fourth is to use pesticide dressing to effectively reduce the occurrence of underground pests and diseases; The fifth is to rationally manage water and fertilizer, cultivate strong seedlings, and improve the resistance of plants to pests and diseases; Sixth is to cultivate natural enemies of pests and reduce the population of pests; Seven is targeted to select low-toxic pesticides for prevention and treatment. Regarding the technical points of buckwheat cultivation, today, in fact, the grain, husk, straw and silage of buckwheat can be used as feed. The economic benefits are quite good, but Xiao Bian reminds farmers who want to grow buckwheat, but also pay attention to it. Combine your actual situation! Fufeng Sinuote Biotechnology Co.,Ltd. , https://www.sntextract.com
