Virus-free sweet potato cultivation technology

One, deep farming ridge

1. Deep ploughing and soil preparation: Sweet potatoes are root crops, and “long in the soil”, the expansion of roots requires deep loose soil, rich in nutrients, and good soil conditions. The soil depth is generally 25-30 cm, so it is necessary to obtain high yields. It must be ploughed to improve soil. After deep plowing, the soil blocks shall be smashed and rubbed, combined with soil preparation Mushi 3000kg, Pu-calcium 50kg, 45% ternary compound fertilizer 25kg, and 3% phoxim particle pesticide 4kg.

2. For ridges: There are two types of sweet potato cultivation: flat planting and ridge planting, but ridge planting is the most advantageous. The ridge planting can thicken the soil layer, expand the scope of root activity, loosen the soil, and enlarge the contact area between the topsoil, air and sunlight, and create a good water, fertilizer, gas and hot soil environment for the growth of sweet potato roots. The size of the ridge should be determined based on factors such as the plot, soil quality, planting season, planting method, growth period, and variety. The ridge is generally controlled by suitable soil moisture, and the ploughshare is finely crushed. When ridges are made, it is required to be straight ridges, deep ridges, and flat ridges (do not make triangles).

Second, planting

1. During the planting period: there is no obvious termination period for sweet potato root swelling, and the longer the growing period is, the higher the yield is in the range of suitable root expansion. The basis for determining the planting period of sweet potatoes is mainly the temperature, rainwater and farming systems, which are planted after April 20 according to local production conditions and climatic conditions in Hebei.

2. Planting methods: There are many ways to plant sweet potatoes, such as straight-line cutting, oblique cutting, shallow horizontal cutting, and bottom-shaped planting methods.

(1) It is more appropriate to use this method when the horizontal shallow tuber grows to 25 cm or more. Each section of the soil is planted in a shallow depth of 3 cm. The advantage is that the number of tubers is more and even, but the drought resistance is poor. If the water and fertilizer conditions are poor and the number of tubers is large, nutrition cannot keep up with the yield.

(2) The advantage of oblique insertion is that it is easy to operate, drought tolerant, wind resistance, early survival, large tubers per plant, etc. It is suitable for short seedling planting. The disadvantage is that the number of tubers is less.

(3) The base of the bottom-bottomed planting method is within the French soil layer (2-3 cm), and the middle section is slightly deeper (4 to 6 cm). The sand is deeper and the clay is shallower. Suitable for soil fertile, deep soil and water conditions with good conditions. Due to many soil-in-place nodes, it has the advantages of horizontal interpolation and oblique interpolation. The disadvantage is that the deeper sections that are buried in land are prone to become empty festivals if they are not properly managed.

(4) The in-line method uses short seedlings to insert the soil into the soil, and buries the soil with 2 to 4 nodes. The advantages are high rate of large potatoes, drought resistance, rapid seedling growth, suitable for use on hilly slopes and drought-prone land. The disadvantage is that the number of potatoes is small, and the production should be ensured by dense planting.

Reasonable reinsertion method according to climatic conditions and species and time to market

3. Planting Density: Proper and close planting is the central link in improving sweet potato yield. The planting density is determined according to soil fertility, planting season, growing season, planting method and variety

Third, field management

1, check seedlings make up the seedlings: sweet potatoes 5-7 days after planting should be promptly check the seedlings, if it is found lack of seedlings, must be inserted to ensure that the whole seedlings. Miao Miao should be early, and use strong seedlings in the rain or sunny afternoon, after filling the seedlings should be timely watering, fight for early hair roots, early vines, so that the balance of growth.

2. Cultivated weeding: Before the sweet potato is planted, according to the soil moisture, it can be used to close the grass and kill it with atrazine or acetochlor. During the period of growth, we should timely cultivating and weeding. Usually we plant 15 days after planting, and once every 15-20 days thereafter, the number of cultivating should be based on the degree of soil consolidation and the amount of weeds. The cultivator depth should be flexibly controlled according to the root growth of sweet potato. In principle, it should be deep in the early stage (early root formation) and shallow in the later stage (after tuberization); the ridge surface should be shallow, the ridge and waist should be deep, and the ridge foot should be loose soil. The so-called "upper shallow, deep waist, broken ground."

3, fertilization: According to the characteristics of sweet potato on the three elements of fertilizer requirements, fertilization must master the "nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, phosphorus, potassium-based" principle. On the basis of applying basal fertilizer, according to the appropriate amount of topdressing, it is necessary to grasp the principle of “light, medium weight” in the top-dressing, that is, the rapid expansion of the tuber before the root tuber and the rapid expansion of the tuber root, and the expansion of the tuber after the “shape” Reapply.

(1) Miao Fei: The application of Miao Fei can promote the roots of sweet potatoes to regenerate, so that the branches faster, more than the number of potato, especially in the base fertilizer is insufficient, low temperature or drought conditions, timely application of Miao Fei. Generally combined with the first cultivator, Mushi urea 10kg, pouring water or pouring rainy days.

(2) Tuber-forming fertilizer: Generally 30-45 days after transplanting, combined with the second cultivating Mushi calcium Calcium 30kg, urea 15kg, potassium sulfate 15kg, pour water or pouring rain.

(3) Root enlargement fertilizer: Sweet potato enters the vine leaf for a long time, the aboveground part grows rapidly, and the root tuber in the underground part continues to expand. It requires more fertilizer and timely supply of sufficient nutrients, which can promote vigorous growth of vine leaves and reach peak growth early. , Can increase photosynthetic products and promote root swelling, so it is necessary to re-apply fertilizer. Generally combined with cultivator Mushi cake fertilizer 20-25kg, potassium sulfate 15kg, urea 10kg water pouring or pouring rainy days. In the late stage of sweet potato growth, the root absorption ability is weak, and foliar fertilizer can be used. Usually, 1% urea + potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed 2-3 times 30-50 days before harvest.

4. Earth-cultivation: Each time the cultivator should be combined with soil, the goal of earth-cultivation is to widen the ridge surface and prevent the exposure of the tubers to become "outcrops" or be harmed by small weevils. Therefore, the requirements for cultivating soil in different periods are not the same.

(1) Before the root swelling: The soil can only be widened and cannot be raised. Soak the loose soil on both sides of the ridge to make up for the soil that has been washed out by the water and ensure that the ridge is straight and the ridge surface is flat.

(2) Expansion of potato wedges: Due to the swelling of roots, cracks begin to appear on the ridge surface, and the potato pedicle will continue to expose the soil surface. It is necessary to combine high-quality soil with the ridge soil and cover the potato pedicles with fine soil so as not to expose them.

(3) Late: With the rapid expansion of the tuber, the ridge will continue to crack, combined with cultivator weeding, covered with fine soil, to avoid the exposure of the tubers, to prevent the harm of weevils.

5, vine (vine): In order to prevent vines to produce adventitious roots and the formation of small potato pieces, during the growth of vines. The vines must be controlled flexibly according to species and seedlings, with clusters, dwarf vines, fragile stems, poor growth on the ground, few adventitious roots, and unfavorable vines when the climate is dry. When mentioning vines, care should be taken to avoid damage to the stems and leaves, and the vines should be well oriented so that they can continue to grow. Do not lift vines, do not shift roots.

6. Water Management: Although sweet potato is more tolerant to drought, if it is severely affected by drought, growth is inhibited and it must be promptly irrigated. The sweet potato needs less and more water throughout the whole growing process, from more to less, that is, less water is needed in the early stage of growth, more water is needed in the middle period, and less is needed in the later period. Therefore, the water management should grasp the proper irrigation in the early stage and the intermittent irrigation in the later period. in principle.

7. Application of biological hormones: 40 to 50 days after the transplanting of the potato seedlings, the sweet potato “spreading agent” is sprayed once during the formation of the potato block; 50-70 days after transplanting, it will be sprayed when the potato block enlarges. Apply "swelling element" once. If the growth of the tubers of the potato seedlings is too prosperous and a long period of migration occurs, spray “Cai Ching Su” (diaminos) and control the length of potato cultivars, usually once every 10 days, spraying three times in succession.

8. Pest control: There are few pests and diseases of sweet potato. Generally, during the growth period, the main pests (ground tigers and weevils) are mainly controlled; the above-ground pests are mainly aphids and thrips, which are generally controlled 1-2 times during growth. .

Fourth, harvest

When harvesting, it is necessary to master the principles of first harvest, first harvest of seed potatoes and weevil, and other after harvest. Choose sunny days for harvesting. If the soil is wet, cut stems first and then dig for 1-2 days after exposure. When harvesting, light digging, light loading, light transport, and light discharge are needed so as to avoid damaging the potato block and adverse storage.

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