Located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, Wuhan is rich in water resources and is suitable for the development of vegetable cultivation. In recent years, Wuhan has begun to plant special vegetables, and the planting area has been expanding year by year. The efficiency of special vegetable planting is high, and the market prospect is very broad. Special vegetables refer to “Western cuisine†imported from abroad and famous, special, excellent and new vegetables in certain areas of China. According to its source and characteristics, it can be generally divided into the following five types: The first is “Western cuisineâ€, which refers to varieties directly introduced from abroad, such as chicory, lettuce, celery, broccoli, bulb fennel, kale, burdock, etc.; The second is to breed new varieties with certain characteristics, such as rapeseed, colored pepper, potato tip, orange red cabbage, etc.; The third is the famous vegetable varieties in various places, such as leeks, seaweed, mustard, cabbage, kale, purple-backed sunflower, melon, chayote, and heart-shaped radish; The fourth is wild vegetables, such as bracken, leeks, purslane, chicory, leeks, watercress, etc.; The fifth is micro vegetables, such as cherry tomatoes, cherry radishes, mini cucumbers, white eggplants and so on. Special vegetables have the characteristics of unique flavor, rich nutrition and high economic value, and some also have health care effects. 1 Status of special vegetable production in Wuhan At present, the area of ​​special vegetable cultivation in Wuhan is developing rapidly, and there are more varieties of cultivation, and more than 80 types of plantings (variety). Special vegetables are mainly distributed in five districts of Jiangxia District, Huangpi District, Dongxihu District, Hannan District and Caidian District. Jiangxia District is led by Wuhan Fanhua Agricultural Co., Ltd., which drives surrounding farmers and enterprises. It mainly produces leafy vegetables such as leeks, potato tips, Tianqi, and purple-backed sunflowers, which are sold to Baishazhou agricultural and sideline products market and increase the market. Vegetable color variety. Huangpi District is headed by Wuhan Chunye Special Vegetable Co., Ltd., which mainly produces Japanese cress, Brussels sprouts, purple cabbage, pagoda, alfalfa and other varieties. One is to supply the four seasons beautiful farmer's market, and the other is to sell as a holiday gift. Special vegetables in the Dongxihu District and Hannan District are mainly planted in the sightseeing park. With the rise of sightseeing agriculture, Dongxihu District and Hannan District rely on location advantages to vigorously develop sightseeing agriculture, advocate the cultivation of special vegetables for tourists to visit, and meet the picking needs of tourists. These special vegetables mainly include mini cucumber, cherry tomato and okra. Snake melon, rat melon, Brussels sprouts, etc., which are highly ornamental and suitable for harvesting. Caidian District takes advantage of the many characteristics of the lakes in the area, mainly producing aquatic vegetables such as lotus root, white peony, sage, water chestnut, sage, water cress, watercress, etc. These aquatic vegetables can be listed in the off-season, which will increase the variety of vegetables in the vegetable market and promote market supply. Significance. In particular, Wuhan Hexiangyuan Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. is committed to the promotion of Artemisia selengensis industry. Only in Yongan Town of Caidian District, the planting area of ​​Artemisia selengensis has been promoted to 333.3 hm2. In addition, there are some special vegetables mainly used for processing or export, mainly including Shantou in Jiangxia, Xueli in Xinzhou, asparagus in white stalk and asparagus in Astragalus. 2 The main production mode of special vegetables The special vegetable cultivation in Wuhan has its obvious regional characteristics. It is different from the large-scale and single planting mode in the north. The special vegetable cultivation in this region has many varieties, diverse management entities, rich business models, complicated planting patterns, scattered business areas, and operation. Different benefits and other characteristics. Each district has relatively clear planting characteristics. Each base also has a certain main mode and planting structure, but there are also different planting modes, multiple planting modes coexisting, and different years according to market demand. According to the different sales methods of special vegetables, it can be roughly divided into three types: sightseeing picking mode, gift food packaging listing mode and leafy vegetable transportation mode. Among them, the annual transportation mode of leafy vegetables is the largest, and almost all vegetable production bases are planted. 2.1 Spring cherry tomato - summer mini cucumber - autumn and winter red cabbage è–¹ three-year sightseeing picking planting mode Cherry tomatoes are planted in the middle and late November, planted in early January of the next year, and the third layer (the greenhouse + arch shed + mulch) covers the insulation and cold. It will be listed in early May and will be used for sightseeing on May 1st Labor Day. The output of 667 m2 is 4 000 kg and the output value is 12,000 yuan. The mini cucumbers are planted in early June, planted in late June, and harvested from late July to late August. They are mainly used for summer and primary school students to play and pick. The output of 667 m2 is 3 000 kg and the output value is 6,000 yuan. Red cabbage is planted in mid-to-late August, planted in mid-September, harvested from mid-November to early Spring, and harvested for visitors before and after the Spring Festival. The output of 667 m2 is 2 000 kg and the output value is 5,000 yuan. 3 years of planting, 667 m2 total output value of 23,000 yuan. 2.2 Spring mini cucumber - autumn buckwheat cabbage (broccoli) two-year sightseeing picking planting mode The mini cucumber was planted in early March, planted in mid-April, and harvested in May. The output of 667 m2 was 3 000 kg, and the output value was 12,000 yuan. Brussels sprouts were planted in early July, planted in early August, harvested in late December to late January, 667 m2 output of 1 500 kg, and output value of 15,000 yuan. 2.3 Greenhouse Potato Tips - Artemisia scoparia - the second mature gift dish packaging listing model The potato tips were cut in the greenhouse in mid-to-late February, and were successively harvested from mid-April to late August. The output of 667 m2 was 3 000 kg, the price was around 4.0 yuan/kg, and the output value was 12,000 yuan. Artemisia selengensis was cut from late August to late September, and harvested in mid-to-late October. It mainly supplies the market before and after the Spring Festival. The output of 667 m2 is 2 000 kg, the unit price is about 10 yuan/kg, and the output value is 20,000 yuan. 2.4 Spring Purple Cabbage-Qiubao Pagoda Year Two Cooked Gifts Packaging Packaging Mode Spring purple cabbage is seeded in early March, planted in early April, harvested in June, with a yield of 3,000 to 4 000 kg per 667 m2 and an output value of 8,000 yuan. The autumn pagoda is seeded in mid-July, planted in mid-August, harvested from November to December, with a yield of 2 000 kg per 667 m2 and an output value of 12,000 yuan. 2.5 Amaranth - Amaranth - Amaranth - Guangdong Cuisine - Guangdong Cuisine, One Year, Five Cooked Leafy Vegetables, Near Transportation Mode Amaranth can be planted 3 times, the first amaranth is spread in the greenhouse in early December, and harvested in early March of the next year; the second amaranth is spread in early May and harvested in early June; the third amaranth is in 6 It was broadcast in the middle of the month and began to be harvested in mid-July. The average yield per 667 m2 is 1 500 kg. The total annual output is 4 500 kg and the output value is 18,000 yuan. Guangdong cuisine can be planted 2 times, the first one is spread in early August, harvested in mid-September, the second one is spread in late September, harvested in early December, and the average yield per 667 m2 can reach 1,500. Kg; total annual output of 3 000 kg, output value of 12,000 yuan. 2.6 Potato Tips Anniversary Leafy Near Transportation Mode The cultivation of potato tips in Wuhan is very common, and almost all major vegetable production bases are planted. It is usually planted in early October, harvested in mid-March of the next year, and ended in mid-October. The average yield per 667 m2 is about 5,000 kg, and the output value is 20,000 yuan. 3 Special vegetable Brussels sprout cultivation technology There are many kinds of special vegetables, and the cultivation season, sowing method and harvesting time are all different. The cultivation techniques of Brussels sprouts are taken as an example to describe their cultivation techniques for reference and reference. 3.1 Seeding according to sales schedule In the Wuhan area, Brussels sprouts is mainly used as gift food sales. The market sales are mainly concentrated before the Spring Festival. This factor should be mainly considered when scheduling the sowing date. It is usually planted in mid-July, planted in early August, and listed in early February in late January. If the planting is too late, after the Spring Festival, the market price will drop sharply, which will greatly affect the sales of the products. 3.2 Cultivate strong seedlings At present, the Brussels sprouts used are all imported varieties, and the seed price is relatively high. In order to save the species, the seedlings are generally used for seedling raising. The seedling seedlings can ensure that the seedlings are strong and easy to manage. When planting, it is the high temperature in Wuhan in July. After sowing, it should cover the sunshade net to moisturize and cool down. After the seedlings are unearthed, they should be removed in time. When the weather is high, it is necessary to put a shade net on the nursery shed to avoid high temperature burning of the seedlings. 3.3 Site preparation When the seedling age is 25 to 30 days, it can be planted in time according to the weather conditions. The base fertilizer must be applied well before planting. Choose the land with fertile soil, convenient drainage and irrigation, and strong water and fertilizer retention capacity. After deep tillage, it will last for more than 20 days. Apply 2,000 to 2,500 kg of farmyard manure per 667 m2, and apply boron fertilizer and calcium fertilizer appropriately. Cangzi cabbage should be cultivated in deep ditch sorghum, generally 1.4 m wide (groove), open the waist ditch and the ditch to ensure smooth drainage. It is best to choose to plant in the cloudy afternoon, the plant spacing is 40 ~ 50 cm, 2 200 ~ 2 500 plants per 667 m2, and the root water should be poured in time after planting. 3.4 Field Management It is the key to high yields. The type of topdressing is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, and the topdressing is applied 2 to 3 times in the growing season. The first top dressing is applied according to the growth of the crop before the leaves are sealed; the leaf formation period is entered, the heavy fertilizer is applied, and the compound fertilizer is applied for 25 to 30 per 667 m2. Kg, combined with cultivating soil to prevent lodging. Brussels sprouts require a large amount of water, especially in the formation of the leaf ball, to keep the soil moist. However, it is also necessary to avoid waterlogging in the field, so it should be drained in time during the rainy season to avoid causing roots. 3.5 Pest Control The main diseases during the growth of Brussels sprouts are black spot and downy mildew; the pests include Plutella xylostella, Rapeseed, Spodoptera exigua, and aphids. The prevention and control of pests and diseases should take measures that are mainly based on prevention and supplemented by chemical and chemical control. The main agricultural measures include rotation for replacement, timely cleaning of the countryside, and rational close planting. For drug control, black spot can be sprayed with 50% thiophanate-methyl WP 500 times solution; downy mildew can be used with 58% toxic mildew WP 600 times or 75% chlorothalon WP 600 times . Plutella xylostella, rapeseed meal, beet armyworm, etc. should be prevented in time to avoid affecting product quality. The rapeseed meal can be controlled with 1.5% cyfluthrin EC 1.500 times or 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate. Plutella xylostella, beet armyworm can use 10% chlorfenapyr suspension 1 000 times solution or 5% KV salt emulsifiable concentrate 3 000 times liquid control. 3.6 Harvesting When the bud ball is tightly held in real time, it can be harvested multiple times from the bottom up. If the top is removed, it can be harvested at one time. When harvesting, use a knife to cross the base of the bud ball and remove the outer leaves of the bud ball. Each plant can harvest about 60 buds, with an average yield of 1,500 to 2,000 kg per 667 m2. 4 Problems and countermeasures of special vegetables 4.1 Problems with special vegetables 1 The production area is blindly expanding. The market for special vegetables is limited, and the price fluctuates greatly. When the planting area of ​​special vegetables is small in the first year, the market price is high and the economic benefits are significant. In the second year, the vegetable farmers will blindly expand the production area, causing the special vegetables to be unsalable or The price is low, sometimes even at a loss. 2 The quality of the products is uneven. One is caused by different varieties. In the case of Brussels sprouts, many varieties of Brussels sprouts have been introduced in Wuhan in recent years. Some single balls have a mass of 20 g, and some have a single ball of only 5 g. Qi. However, in the same period, from Yunnan and other places transferred to Wuhan, the Brussels sprouts, the size is the same, resulting in the slow sales of Wuhan Baozi cabbage. The second is caused by cultivation techniques. In the early stage of leaf bud formation, Brussels sprouts should prevent and control the vegetable meal and the diamondback moth. Once the control is not timely, the quality of the product will be greatly affected. Third, there is no grading and packaging, the size is mixed, the pros and cons are mixed, resulting in uneven quality. 3 planting level needs to be improved At present, the overall level of special vegetable cultivation in Wuhan is not high, and many vegetable farmers are only planted by experience. Many new technologies for the cultivation of special vegetables, such as formula fertilization, integration of water and fertilizer, and grafting and breeding, are not yet popular. In addition, the planting levels in different regions are mixed, and the various aspects of planting, planting, and harvesting in the process of special vegetable cultivation are inconsistent, which makes the individuals and yields of the same kind of special vegetables grown in different regions appear to be quite different. 4 There are very few publicity methods for the introduction of new vegetables. Many consumers do not know that their consumption methods have caused slow sales. For example, Brussels sprouts have been planted in Jiangcheng for many years. Many people still do not know how to eat them, let alone Tianqi and Zibei Tiankui. And other special vegetables. 4.2 Main countermeasures taken In response to the above problems, the following countermeasures should be taken for the production of special vegetables in Wuhan. 1 Stable area stabilizes the planting area of ​​special vegetables, and makes full use of the comparative advantages of special vegetable prices. The government strengthens planning and guidance in land, training, technology, logistics, etc., and enhances the organization and planning of special vegetable production. At the same time, give play to the role of leading enterprises and farmers' professional cooperative organizations, establish an effective platform for information dissemination of special vegetable cultivation, reduce the blindness of production, and avoid blind follow-up production. 2 Introduce the varieties to introduce the latest varieties of vegetables grown at home and abroad, and give full play to the role of new varieties in increasing production and income. Wuhan Yafei Seed Industry Co., Ltd. recently introduced a new variety of broccoli, green jade, from abroad. Compared with other varieties, this variety has the advantages of tight ball tightness, strong cold resistance, low temperature and no discoloration, and is more popular than other varieties. . 3 Improve the level Through the training of farmers' cultivation techniques, improve the cultivation level of special vegetables. From time to time, the government organizes professional and technical personnel to train farmers in cultivation techniques, pest control techniques and harvesting processing techniques, and to issue training materials to improve farmers' cultivation techniques. 4 Strengthening publicity should strengthen the promotion of food consumption and nutritional value, introduce consumers to the characteristics and consumption methods of various special vegetable products, and guide consumption. At the same time, strengthen brand promotion, create brand-name products, improve the domestic marketing network and mechanism, sell products to the outside of the city, and use their own advantages to seize the domestic and foreign markets. 5 Introduction of several special vegetable application varieties in Wuhan 5.1 Brussels sprouts variety Franklin The newly grown Brassica chinensis hybrids from the Dutch Bijiu Seed Co., Ltd. are suitable for planting in the Yangtze River Basin. Early maturity, plant height of about 100 cm, strong cold resistance, strong growth, green leaves, less wax powder. The bud ball is round, with a diameter of 2.5 cm, green, and grows neatly. The bud ball is firm and smooth. Each plant can harvest about 60 buds, the mass of a single bud is 15-20 g, and the yield per plant is about 900 g. At low temperatures, the ball is good, the growth period is long, and harvesting begins 120 days after planting. 5.2 Broccoli variety green jade Wuhan Yafei Seed Industry Co., Ltd. introduced a new variety of mid-maturing broccoli from abroad, with tight ball, fine flower, not easy to spread flowers, strong cold resistance, no discoloration at low temperature, suitable for planting in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Flower ball half-height, erect, without side branches. The plant height is 77 cm, the development degree is 85 cm, and the leaves are 21-22 pieces. The leaves are oblong, the leaf margins are flat, the leaves are dark green, and the leaves are waxy. The flower ball is dark green with a ball diameter of 12 to 18 cm, a single ball mass of 200 g, and a 667 m2 yield of 750 to 850 kg. 5.3 Purple Cabbage Variety Purple Gan 75 Medium-bred varieties, suitable for spring sowing and autumn sowing, good heat and cold resistance, can be harvested 75 days after planting, and the mass of single ball is 1.5 kg. The leaf ball is firm, the stem is short, the color is bright, the ball is strong at low temperature, the ball is not split, and the harvest period and shelf life are longer. Zigan 75 is favored by consumers because of its purple-red leaves and bright color. It has become one of the main varieties of purple cabbage production. The above is the recommendation and planting technology of special vegetable varieties in Wuhan, I hope to help you. If you want to know more about agricultural technology, please pay attention to the Hui Nong School! 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