Sweet potato is a kind of crop with high yield and stable yield. It has the characteristics of wide adaptability, strong stress resistance, drought tolerance, and less pests and diseases. It grows in places with good water and fertilizer conditions. Generally, the yield per mu can reach up to the yield of spring potatoes. 2000--3000 kilograms, but due to differences in natural conditions and the level of cultivation is also very uneven yield levels, in order to give full play to the potential increase in sweet potato, to achieve high quality and high yield, especially proposed high yield of sweet potato cultivation technology advice. I. Seedling nursery: The germination and nursery is an important part of the whole off-season cultivation. The seedlings are planted in advance in the middle of February and transplanted into nursery beds for protection. The seedbed is protected by a double-layered membrane. The seed potatoes are arranged neatly, covered with a layer of fine soil and then a layer of plastic film is laid, and a layer of film is then placed on the arch to increase the temperature of the seedbed. In a timely manner in the flat film on the hole drilling induced seedlings, in order to avoid sunny high temperature burned young shoots. In the first month of the seedbed, water is sprayed every 7 days. After 1 month, water and fertilizer are sprayed twice a week. When the strain is up to 15 centimeters, it is cut every 7-10 days. The spray is sprayed every week from the first time. 2 times of water and fertilizer, the concentration increased appropriately to ensure the nutrient supply of the regenerated seedlings. Second, apply base fertilizer The sandy land was selected to combine 2-3 tons of mulching manure, 15 kg of urea, and 20 kg of phosphate fertilizer in early spring. Third, plastic film coverage Film mulching can increase the temperature and protect soil moisture. At the same time, it can improve the physicochemical properties of the soil and increase the temperature difference between day and night. The planting of sweet potato can usually adopt high ridge coverage and double row interlaced planting methods. The entire distance is 60 cm and the coverage is 50 cm. Line 40 centimeters, staggered between plants, spacing of 33 centimeters, leaving about 4000 acres, moderate ridge height, such as when the plant is too dry, flat cover can be planted to facilitate seedling growth. Fourth, timely planting Early timing and proper close planting: In mid-April, the seedlings are planted in a suitable period. At this time, the temperature in the early spring is basically stable, and the appropriate period for planting is when the 10 cm ground temperature reaches 15°C or more after the late frost begins. In winter or early the beginning of the year, plowing and drying in the sun will be carried out. The sash belt is 50cm wide. In mid-April and mid-April, seedlings were planted and transplanted in accordance with the seedling emergence rate. The method of line cutting was used to increase the number of soil sections for potato seedlings to increase the number of tubers. Insert 3500-4000 strains per mu with a spacing of about 33cm. The time for planting should not exceed April 20, otherwise the delay in harvesting time will affect the rice transplanting season of continuous cropping late rice. Early and timely planting is the key to increase the production of sweet potatoes. Under appropriate conditions, the earlier the planting of earthworms, the longer the growing period, the early potato tuberization, the more tuber potatoes, the longer root tuber enlargement time, the higher yield, and the better quality; the planted earthworms are too late to grow. The period is shortened, the sweet potato is small and small, the yield is low and the quality is poor. The suitable period of planting is 10 centimeters after the late frost is over 15 degrees Celsius (about the middle of April). The plastic film can be covered earlier and the planting can be started. Planting pods and cultivars ensure Miaowang, when removing sorghum, “old hard seedlings†and weak diseased seedlings should be removed, strong seedlings should be planted and transplanted. When planting, it is better to sizing and size the seedlings, plant them separately, and make them balanced and grow. Sweet potato black ban disease, can be used 50% thiophanate-methyl 1000-fold dipping seedlings 2-3 inches, 10 minutes. Sweet potatoes should strive for shallow cultivation on the basis of ensuring survival. The planting depth is generally 5-6 cm. It is required to tightly seal the soil when planting, and the depth is consistent so that the leaves will be exposed on the ground. When watering, the mud will not stick, and the seedlings will have to stand straight.秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧, 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 秧 V. Field Management 1. Rooted in the management of the seedling-reducing stage, the rooting-quick seedling stage started from the emergence of new roots and roots after planting, which took about one month. After the sweet potato is planted, it is necessary to timely check the seedlings to make up for the seedlings. After the seedlings are planted, in case of severe drought, the seedlings should be irrigated in time to survive. Generally, after planting, it is necessary to pour once, and then cultivating once every 10-15 days to loosen soil, raise temperature, eliminate weeds, and promote the rapid growth of plants to facilitate root formation. 2. Branch and tuber stage management, 30-40 days after planting, with the increase of temperature, the growth of stems and leaves is accelerated, the expansion of tuber roots should continue to form and the water and fertilizer management should be strengthened. In case of drought, it can recover 5-8 pounds with water mu. After urea is poured, it should be cultivated as soon as possible after sowing. 3. Management of stems and leaves with long tuberous root enlargement. During the period from the first half of July to the end of August, the long stems and roots of the stems and leaves are swollen, and the leaf area coefficient reaches the maximum. Generally, during this period, there is control to be promoted. There is promotion. This period coincides with the rainy season, high temperature, rapid plant growth, to prevent leggy, 50PPM paclobutrazol solution can be sprayed evenly in the field, with the foliage stained with liquid rather than flow is better, in this period, the rapid expansion of underground roots In case of drought, it needs watering, but the amount of water should not be too large, in order to promote the expansion of the tuber, can be used with a bag of swelling agent (12) grams of water 15 kg sprayed every 7-10 days, and even spray twice. 4. Stem and leaf decline Root tube enlargement management. After late August, when the sweet potato grows, the stems and leaves grow slowly until stagnation; nutrients are sent to the roots, the growth center goes from the ground to the underground, and the management must protect the stems and leaves. Physiological function promotes rapid expansion of tuberous roots. Management measures to ensure that the soil moisture content is 60-70% of the maximum water capacity in the field. If the weather is long and dry and there is no rain, the soil will be dry and premature aging of the stems and leaves will affect the formation and accumulation of carbohydrates, resulting in a reduction in production. Water, but should not be watered within 20 days before the sweet potato is harvested. In case of fall, it must be drained in time to prevent hard-heart and rot. Before and after the summer heat, the sweet potato leaves will enter the back-feeding period. To prevent premature senescence, prolong and enhance photosynthesis in leaves, promote tuber hypertrophy, apply foliar fertilizers, and use potassium dihydrogen phosphate half a catty to spray 30-40 kg of water, spraying once every 15 days Two times, it works better if used in combination with expansin. 5, pick the top. When the sweet potato's main stem grows to 50 centimeters, the top buds are picked in the morning with fine weather. When the branches grow to 35 cm, the top buds continue to be removed. This method can inhibit stem vine growth, avoid nutrient consumption, promote root enlargement, can increase production by 20% to 30%. 6, crack irrigation. Sweet potatoes enter the root swelling stage and there will be cracks in the top soil layer. At this time, 750-1000 kg of fresh manure per mu, 500 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (5 kg of superphosphate, 50 kg of grass ash, respectively filtered and soaked in water), mixed in manure, and cracked along the morning or evening Shi, filling the cracks with soil after irrigation, can increase production by 20% to 30%. Six, spray dilute amine. When sweet potato larvae grow to 50-60 cm long, 10 ml per acre spray dilute amine or 20-30 milliliters of auxiliaries can help control the upper part and promote the rapid growth of roots, which can increase production by 15%-20%. . Seven, timely harvest The roots of sweet potatoes are asexual vegetative bodies, there is no obvious maturity standard and harvest period, but sooner or later the harvest has a close relationship with the yield, seed collection, storage, processing and utilization of sweet potatoes, and crop rotation. Harvesting too early will reduce yield and harvest The party is affected by low temperature and cold weather. The harvest of sweet potatoes is appropriate. Generally, the harvest begins when the temperature drops to 15°C. The temperature is above 10°C, or the ground temperature is above 12°C, that is, before the frost is finished, generally before and after cold dew. Harvesting is complete.
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