Release date: 2014-09-17 Recently, research has pointed out that the upper respiratory tract is the first line of defense against air pollutants, including allergens, bacteria and environmental toxicants. Finger-like protrusions, called cilia, attach to the human mucosa or epithelial surface and sway back and forth when a person is stimulated. This adjustment "beating" the ciliary movement helps to remove the heterogeneity and is also an important protection mechanism. Researchers have invented the first microfluidic device that can directly observe the cilia and their frequency of motion on the polyester film. Artificial systems are used to observe the effects of air pollutants on upper respiratory tract cells. Researchers used glass and transparent plastic polymers to build their microfluidic devices to ensure clear cilia and their activity. The purpose of membrane design is to support the culture and differentiation of human nasal epithelial stem cells, which are inserted into a chamber of the device and then fresh or contaminated air enters through a small passage. After 5 weeks with human nasal epithelial stem cell membranes, the researchers were able to observe the formation of moving cilia. There are different samples of ciliary beat frequency, but the difference is usually within a few hertz. When fresh air entered the equipment room, the researchers observed a 3% drop in ciliary beat frequency relative to baseline values. In contrast, when air was mixed through the human chamber when mixing 0.5 milligrams per cubic meter of formaldehyde, they observed a 7.4% increase in ciliary beat frequency relative to baseline values. Further increasing the formaldehyde concentration to 1 mg per cubic meter significantly increased the ciliary beat frequency to 136.4 relative to the baseline value. At higher formaldehyde concentrations of 3.0 mg per cubic metre, however, the researchers observed an unexpected result, that is, the frequency of cilia bounce began to decline, which may be due to irreversible cellular damage caused by formaldehyde. This work in the experimental model provides more practical experience for clinical applications by observing the ciliary beat frequency. Equipment can be used directly to test toxicity and toxicity mechanisms, screen drugs, reduce irritation, and assess risk levels associated with specific air pollutants. "This technology has been used in chemical analysis, environmental monitoring, medical diagnostics and cell research," the researchers said. Source: Bio Valley
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Recently, research has pointed out that the upper respiratory tract is the first line of defense against air pollutants, including allergens, bacteria and environmental toxicants. Finger-like protrusions, called cilia, attach to the human mucosa or epithelial surface and sway back and forth when a person is stimulated.