In the spring, the old fruit trees and poor tree species will be replaced with high-risk pear tree nets, and the new varieties will be grafted onto big trees directly. Grafting can be achieved in the same year, and results are very fast and highly effective. Promotion value. First, the choice of high access to trees Any 2 to 30-year-old pear trees, such as pear, pear and snow pear can be. The high-risk varieties of pear trees can be selected from the new varieties of high-quality pears such as yellow crown, gold, emerald, and round yellow. In addition, it is better to connect the pears with complete trees, robust growth, flat terrain, deep soil, and watered conditions. Second, the high contact with the tree skeleton to leave the tree to stay, directly determine the structure of the tree and early production. We mainly use the happy shape, leaving only the original three main branches at the bottom. The above main branches and center stems are all removed. The length of the main branch is 1/3 of the original main branch; the side branches can be left on each main branch according to the situation. 3; for auxiliary support, if there is room for growth, it may be appropriate to leave part of it, and the rest will affect all the growth of the main branch. Third, scion collection In the early spring before the sap flow, in the high-quality parent tree collected a full-grown mature pest-free annual branches, buried in the shade with wet sand layered back. Fourth, high access method and grafting period 1. High time. The best flow from sap to sprouting is when the survival rate is highest. The Hebei area is suitable from March 20 to April 15. 2. Grafting technology. The method of "full closure of single buds and abdomen joints" is used to soak the scion in water for 2 to 4 hours before grafting to make it fully absorb water. Grafting on the branches, generally 3 to 5 cm followed by a bud, 10 to 15 years old trees grafted 45 to 50 buds, 7 to 8 years old trees grafted 30 to 40 buds. The buds are tied and tied with a strong shed film. The joints and buds are tightly tied to prevent water loss. V. High-yield and high-yield cultivation techniques Whether it can grow strong branches and revert to the previous canopy size after the high is the key to success or not, only the emergence of sufficiently robust branches and summer pruning can achieve the purpose of the results of the second year. . 1. Soil fertilizer management. In the first three years before the high gardening, the cultivating method or the weeding method was adopted. Each year, 20 to 50 kg of high-quality chicken manure, 1 to 3 kg of urea, and 1 to 2 kg of diammonium phosphate were applied per plant. In addition, appropriate amounts of trace elements such as iron, boron, and zinc are added in the first year after the change. Watering can be 5-8 times a year according to the development of pear trees. 2. Set up a grid. In the first year of the harvest, the shoots grew vigorously, sprouting more and more, and they must be removed in time. When the new shoots grow to 30 centimeters or so, tie them in time to prevent wind breaks. From the end of June to the beginning of July, pull branches will be formed to form flower buds to ensure the output of the second year. When the branches are pulled, the extension branch of the main lateral branch can be pulled at an angle of 45 degrees, and the remaining branches can be pulled at an angle of 60 to 70 degrees. In the first year of winter, a grid can be erected to fix the branches on the grid to prevent wind disasters and facilitate management. The construction of the grid structure: Depending on the east-west direction of the orchard and the north-south direction, a cement pillar is buried every 10 meters. The column height is 2.5 meters, and the depth is 0.5 meters. The height on the ground is 2 meters. The interior of the orchard is also a 10-meter-long pillar. The distance between the pillars is 5 meters and a wire is used as the main line. Every 8 meters of iron wire on the main line is a secondary line, making the entire orchard 2 meters high, per square meter. A mesh rack. 3. Prune trim. The pruning is mainly based on summer pruning, supplemented by winter pruning, and its goal is to cut branches and promote branches in winter, and to promote flowers in summer. During winter cutting, the branches with development space are cut short (by 4/5 of the length of the branches), and the clippings are left full of shoots to promote growth and increase the amount of branches. Summer trim is mainly pull branches. The new shoots are tied to a grid, reducing the growth of new shoots, increasing the number of short branches and forming flower buds. For the branches on their backs, there is a drop in the growth space and an oversight. By pulling branches, a large number of buds can be formed. 4. Flower and fruit management. Sparse flowering: Since the pears grown after high growth are easy to flower, the amount of flowers is large, and annual flowering should be carried out. When the inflorescence is separated, leave one inflorescence every 15 to 20 centimeters, leave 2 to 3 flowers for each inflorescence, and discard all other flowers. Two weeks after the fall, thinning begins. The juvenile tree leaves 30 leaves and leaves one fruit for each inflorescence. Artificial Pollination: Pollen trees with a large amount of pollen are selected, and the large pear tree leaves 1 to 2 edge flowers. Too much flowering is required for flowering. In general, 2.5 kilograms of anthers and 0.5 kilograms of dried pollen can be collected for every 25 kilograms of flowers, which can be used for tree pollination in fruit trees of 20 to 30 mu. Freshly picked flowers should be promptly poured into the fine iron wire sieve in the room, and gently rub them with your hands (anther - yam is off). Then remove the impurities from the underside of the anthers and dry the flour. The anthers were air-dried in a dry, ventilated, warm, and clean room on a white paper surface, and the temperature was maintained at 22°C to 25°C. 1 to 2 days, the anther is cracked loose powder, and then the pollen is finely sieved to remove debris. After milling, the pollen is placed in a dark bottle, sealed and placed in a refrigerator for use. Pollination is done by artificial means or liquid spraying. Bagging. After the fruit thinning, the pouch anti-mould heart disease will be put on May 10 to May 15, and the big bag will be put on June 10 to June 15. All fruits are bagged, and water, spray insecticide, and bactericide are required before bagging. The bagging sequence is first up, then down, first in and then out. 5. Pest control. Gao Jiaoyuan is mainly responsible for the prevention and control of pear black spot disease, pear hibiscus and yellow powder buds. The main measures are as follows: Pear scab: After defoliation, the leaves are cleaned thoroughly before germination; the diseased tip (wholesale) is completely removed from late April to the end of May; and the medicaments are controlled from the beginning of May. The commonly used agents are: 12.5% ​​nitric oxide, 3000 times , 12.5% ​​diniconazole 2000 times, 4% Fuxing EC 8000 to 10000 times or 80% Dasheng M-45 800 to 1000 times and so on. Pyramid: in the dormant period, the leaves are thoroughly cleaned to reduce the base number for overwintering; before the adults emerge in early spring (in the middle and middle of March), 4.5% beta-cypermethrin EC is applied for 2000 times; after the pears fall (on April 20) and the generation Before adulthood (in early May), it is the critical period of two drugs, which can be controlled by 2.5% high-immunity imidacloprid 3000 times, 1.8% defats 6000-8000 times, or 0.3% propanil 3000 times, etc. . Pear yellow mealworms (cockroaches): Take care of the bagging before bagging and initial bagging, and use imidacloprid drugs to carefully spray on branches and bags to prevent Tenebrio from entering the bag. RT-PCR Test Reagent Kit Of COVID-19 seegene rt pcr kit,primescript rt,rt pcr self test,icmr rt pcr test results,rt pcr reagent Shenzhen Uni-medica Technology Co.,Ltd , https://www.uni-medica.com