Ao tilapia is a descendant of the hybrid of Oreochromis niloticus and Nile tilapia. It is one of the main economic fish species in China at present. It has strong cold resistance, few diseases, roughage, no intermuscular stasis, and meat quality. Delicate, delicious, and other advantages are loved by farmers and consumers. However, the crude technique of A. tilapia fry is another important technology after the success of artificial rearing, and the survival rate of rough standard of fry directly affects the final income of the cultivation of A. tilapia. Maonan City, Guangdong Province, Maonan three high-grade breeding base for tilapia fine species in recent years of practice and research, summed up the key technology in the process of A. tilapia rough. This article describes this technique as follows:
First, maintain a good water quality environment in the course of roughing of the tilapia aureus must maintain a good water quality environment. The general water temperature is controlled at 24-28°C, pH value is 7.0-8.0, salinity is 0-8, dissolved oxygen is greater than 4.0 mg/L. It is best to keep the water for 24 hours, and the daily exchange volume of water body is 50%-100%.
Second, control standard crude seedlings stocking density Ao tilapia crude in the cement pool, its stocking density should be appropriate. The stocking density for 1.0-1.5 cm body length is generally 1500-2000 tails/m3, the stocking density for 1.5-2.5 cm fish fry is generally 1000-1500 tails/m3, and the fry density for fish fry above 2.5 cm is to be controlled at 600- 1000 tails/meter3.
3. Pay attention to the balanced nutrition of artificial compound feed with artificial compound feed. It can meet the needs of various nutrients in the growth process of fish fry (guarantee that the content of protein in feed is about 35% and fat content is 8% ). In actual aquaculture production, a comparison of the results of artificial diets and rotifer rearing for 28 days (density of 1000 fish/m3) was carried out on finless juvenile A. tilapia fry. Replace traditional rotifers as larval opening feed requirements, and artificial compound feeds have been subjected to high temperature sterilization during the production process, which can greatly reduce the possibility that harmful bacteria and parasite fertilizers are brought into the nursery ponds compared to traditional fertilizing rotifers. ,reduces the possibility of disease.
Fourth, daily management
1. Before laying the fry, the cement pool should be thoroughly disinfected with lime 10kg/mu. After exposure for 3-5 days, rinse with clean water to avoid the residual of harmful bacteria. After cleansing, inject 200 mesh filtered water. It is best to clean the pond once a month. When putting the fry, pay attention to the temperature difference before and after the pond water should not be too large.
2. The feeding of bait due to the growth of fish fry body length in the 1.5-3.5 cm period began to become larger, so the daily bait feeding should pay attention to a small number of times, it is best to feed 4 times / day, respectively 7:00, 11 :00, 14:00, 18:00, the daily feed amount is 12% of the body weight; the number of feedings can be reduced to 2-3 times/day when the body length is 3.5 centimeters or more. When the temperature is high in the summer, the number of feedings can be reduced, and feeding is not less than 2 times a day, that is, once in the morning and once in the afternoon. After each feeding, the remaining bait of the bait station should be promptly removed to maintain good water quality. Ano tilapia has a relatively high nutritional requirement for bait during juvenile fishery. In this period, the artificial compound feed fed can be added in an appropriate amount.
3. When the seedlings of A. tilapia are 1.5 to 3.5 centimeters in diameter, the growth difference will increase, and the mutual killing between larvae will become severe. In particular, the fish fry with deeper body color is more aggressive and the result is small. The fish fry are swallowed, and the larger ones are sometimes incomplete, resulting in more and more size differentiation and fewer and fewer fry. Therefore, the seedlings should be planted every 10 days, and the individual smaller fish fry should be selected in a timely manner in the nursery pond of the same size. In the screening process, the actions of collecting seedlings and seedlings should be light and fast, and the fry should be avoided. Causes mechanical damage.
4. In the process of recording daily rough records, daily records of water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, transparency, etc., as well as the amount of seedlings, feeding amount, and fry death of each nursery pond can be recorded. Timely adjustments are made based on actual needs.
5. Proper handling of “Black Tsai” fry Ao tilapia fry is 3.5-5.0 cm in length and is a period of frequent occurrence of “Black Tsai” fry. If the “Black Tsai” fry is not properly handled in time, it will soon fall. At the end, eating less, spinning, causing the body to be thin and even dead. Therefore, in the discovery of "Black Tsai" fry, it should be selected in a timely manner to a special cultivation pool, the use of increased feeding times, improve feed nutrition and other measures to promote its rapid growth. The selection should be separated according to the individual size, otherwise it will result in a greater degree of mutual killing. Finally, when the “Black Tsai” returns to normal, it shall be promptly separated from the cultivation pond.
Six, disease prevention and treatment of fry
1. Disease prevention During the process of roughing the tilapia, tilapia should be carefully observed every day to observe carefully and strengthen monitoring. Diseases must be timely isolated and disinfected, nutrition should be kept balanced, water quality should be kept fresh, and active Disease prevention and control. Thoroughly clean the rough concrete tanks regularly, and properly clean them with potassium permanganate (20 mg/L). The water should not be over-fertilized so that the water quality will not be too low due to low dissolved oxygen and large numbers of algae. .
2. The disease prevention and control tilapia has strong adaptability, the disease is not very prominent, the incidence is less, and the following diseases sometimes appear in the course of fry:
(1) Bacterial disease Hemorrhagic disease: It is a bacterial fish disease caused by a fish body injury. The diseased fish manifested as outliers alone, multiple congestion on the body surface, increased mucus, and caudal fin defect. Control method is to use 1.8-2.0 g / m 3 bleach Quanchiposa, used 2 times, or feeding with rhubarb and other traditional Chinese medicine feed, according to 0.3% added amount of feeding 3-5 days.
Scale disease: caused by bacteria, diseased fish scales erected, and there are rotting fin phenomenon, fin base congestion, abdominal enlargement. The prevention and control method is to avoid fish body injury during operations such as pulling nets and transportation, and soaking the diseased fish with 2% salt and 3% baking soda mixed solution for 10 minutes.
(2) Parasitic disease Scrap Ichthyosis: The pathogen is the larvae or adults of the small melon worm. The diseased fish has white spots on the body surface and white spots in the mouth. The diseased fish do not eat. The treatment is to use 15-25ml/m3 formalin Quanchiposa, once every other day, 2-3 times for a course of treatment.
Trichodiasis: Rotational injury to parasites with round appearance. It mainly parasitizes on the body surface and stern of the fish, and the diseased fish has the behavior of rubbing against the wall of the pool. Treatments In order to maintain good water quality, the diseased fish can be soaked in formalin for a short time and inflated. Tilapia disease in the tilapia fry stage is highly pathogenic and should be noticed during the oversize stage.
(3) Causes of nutritional diseases: There are three main situations: First, feeding low-protein, high-fat, high-sugar, and vitamin-poor foods, resulting in a large accumulation of tilapia fat, destroying liver function, resulting in normal physiological metabolic disorders , Hepatocyte necrosis; The second is to feed the degenerate or fungal infection of the feed, resulting in toxic effects on the fish, resulting in liver and kidney steatosis; Third, the breeding density is too large, lack of water change, or long-term change of water, so that Central Asia The nitrate concentration rises and even poisons, which leads to a reduction in disease resistance and is susceptible to bacterial infection.
Control methods: 1 improve the formula of food, increase the vitamin content or feed the natural food; 2 the bait should use fresh full-price compound feed, and store it in a dry, ventilated place, to avoid moisture mildew; 3 fish ponds often change fresh water to prevent excessive Feeding or dense culture; 4 disease can be added in the feed 0.1% oxytetracycline continuous feeding a week.

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