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First, the hyphae do not germinate and do not eat. Causes: Material deterioration, a large number of miscellaneous bacteria; culture material moisture content is too high or too low; bacteria species aging, viability; environmental temperature is too high or too low, add lime, pH value is high.
Solution: Use fresh and mildew-free raw materials; use age-appropriate bacteria (bacterial age 30-35 days); master suitable water content; hand-grip material between fingers without water droplets for the degree; About 20 °C, the material temperature of 25 °C is appropriate, the temperature rather rather lower, not too high, and prevent burnt bacteria; the amount of lime added to the culture material should be appropriate, especially when the temperature is lower than the amount should not exceed 1%, PH7- 8 is appropriate.
Second, the material sour smell. Causes: During the germination period, the high temperature does not cool down in time, the bacteria multiply, the material is fermented and becomes acid, and the odor is spoiled; the water in the material is too much, the air is insufficient, and the anaerobic fermentation causes the material to rot and stink.
Solution: The material is poured out, spread after drying, add appropriate amount of new material and continue the fermentation, re-bagging inoculation; if the material has rotted black, can only be discarded as fertilizer.
Third, mycelial shrinkage. Cause: Bag stacking is too high, it is not cooled in time when it is fermented, material temperature rises above 35°C and burns out mycelium; material bag is large, load is too much, temperature is too high; ventilation is bad; material is too wet In fact, the air permeability is not good, hypha hysteresis will also appear hypha shrinking phenomenon.
The solution: improve the environment of the contaminated site, pay attention to ventilation and cooling; bag piles of bacteria, when the temperature is high, stack 2-4 layers, showing a "well" shaped cross-discharge, to facilitate heat dissipation; Dissipation of heat; when mixing materials, grasp the ratio of material to water, and make it elastic when bagging; the width of the film tube selected for bagging should not exceed 25 cm, so as to avoid overheating of the filling.
Fourth, the bag wall covered with bean dregs-like lawn. Causes: The culture material has a large amount of moisture and poor air permeability. This causes a large number of yeast strains to thrive. It accumulates in a large amount on the bag membrane and the fermented sour taste appears in the material.
Solution: Use a round stick with a diameter of 1 cm to sharpen 2-3 holes in the middle of the material bag, depth 5-8 cm, to supplement oxygen by ventilation, and soon, the yeast coating attached to the inner wall of the bag will gradually subside on its own. Pleurotus mycelium will continue to grow.
Fifth, mold contamination. Causes: The culture material or strains themselves carry bacteria; the hygienic conditions at the germination site are poor or the mushroom house is not completely disinfected; the mushroom shed is not ventilated under high temperature and high humidity.
Solution: Use fresh, mildew-free, sun-dried culture materials to thoroughly ferment; avoid sowing at high temperatures, increase ventilation, and prevent hot and humid; choose high-quality, anti-mildew, fast-food bacteria; mold contamination found early When the area is small, lime water with a pH of 10 or more can be used to inject the contaminated culture material, and at the same time, it can be removed from the bacteriophage field and administrated separately. For those with serious pollution, they will be removed from the field and digging deep for disposal.
Sixth, late in the period of feeding, the material was slow, and the bag was too late. Cause: The bag is tied tight at both ends and there is insufficient air in the bag, causing oxygen deficiency.
Solution: Loosen the loose material bag or puncture ventilation.
Seven, soft bags. The surface of the general bag material has hyphae, but the bag has less hyphae and is not sparsely tight. The bag is soft and inelastic. Causes: Degradation or aging of bacteria, weakened viability; High temperature damages strains; Add too much nitrogen, bacteria in the material multiply, inhibit the growth of mycelium; Culture material moisture content, lack of oxygen, affect the mycelium to the material Grow.
Solution: Use robust, high-quality strains; Inoculate at the appropriate temperature, prevent heat-injured bacteria; The amount of nitrogen nutrition added to the culture material is appropriate, not too much; When the soft bag occurs, the germination temperature is lowered, and the wall of the bag is punctured and drained Breathable, appropriate to extend the germination time, so that the mycelium into the material long hair thoroughly.
Eight, mycelium is not full bag on the mushroom. Causes: Excessive light at the germination site, low temperature or excessive temperature difference between day and night to stimulate mushrooming.
Solution: Pay attention to darkness and nighttime heat preservation, increase germination temperature, and improve germination environment.
Through visits to demonstration households and farmers, we summarized several experiences.