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Publication date: January 7, 2004 Implementation date: March 1, 2004 Issued by: Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China
1. Scope This standard specifies the environmental conditions of carassius auratus pollution-free breeding, seed cultivation, food fish feeding and disease prevention techniques.
This standard applies to the pond main breeding and cage culture of pollution-free squid, other species, strains of squid and hybrid squid pollution-free breeding can refer to the implementation.
2. Normative references The clauses in the following documents have been adopted as references to this standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments (not including errata content) or revisions do not apply to this standard. However, parties that have reached an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. . For undated references, the latest version is applicable to this standard.
GB/T 18407.4--2001 Environmental Quality Requirements for Production Environment of Safety and Quality of Agricultural Products without Hazardous Aquatic Products
NY 5051 Non-polluted Food Freshwater Aquaculture Water Quality
NY 5071 Guidelines for the Use of Non-Hazardous Food and Fishery Drugs
NY 5072 Non-environmentally Harsh Food & Fish Compound Feed Safety Limit
SC/T 1006 General Technical Requirements for Freshwater Cage Fish Culture
SC/T 1008-1994 Technical Specification for the Cultivation of Fish Fingers in Conventional Ponds Regulations for the Administration of Quality and Safety of Aquaculture Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China (2003) No. [31]
3, environmental conditions
3.1 Site Selection The selection of aquaculture sites is in accordance with the provisions of 3.1 and 3.3 of GB/T 18407.4-2001.
3.2 In addition to the provisions of NY 5051, the culture water for aquaculture water shall have a transparency of 25cm-30cm and the transparency of fish ponds and food ponds shall be 35cm-40cm.
3.3 Pond conditions Pond conditions are as follows:
Fish pond category: Fry pond area 600-2500 square meters, water depth 1.2-1.5 meters, silt thickness ≤ 0.2 meters Fish pond category: fish species pool area 1300-5 300 square meters, water depth 1.5-2.0 meters, silt thickness ≤ 0.2 meters fish pond category : Food fish rearing pond area 2000-14 000 square meters, water depth 2.0-3.0 meters, silt thickness ≤ 0.2 meters Other requirements: Pond leeward, no leakage, convenient drainage and drainage, flat bottom; set the food table in the windward position of the pond .
Qingchi disinfection: Carp seedlings are carried out about 15 days before entering the pool. Clean water with quick lime 200mg/L-250mg/L or bleach 20mg/L.
Remarks: 1 set of 3kW aerators per 2 000 m2 - 3 000 m2 water surface.
4, seed cultivation
4.1 The source of seedlings is derived from the seed that is cultivated in the squid farm or the natural waters of the country of origin.
4.2 Seed quality
4.2.1 Fry quality appearance: visual observation of more than 95% of the fry yolk sac basically disappeared, helium inflated, able to swim flat, with anti-water swimming ability; fish is not black.
Countable indicators: The deformity rate is less than 3%, and the damage rate is less than 1%.
4.2.2 Fish quality appearance: normal body shape, fins and scales are complete, body surface is smooth, robust, and lively.
Countable indicators: malformation rate and damage rate is less than 1%; specifications are neat.
4.2.3 Quarantine The seeds purchased from abroad shall be quarantined and shall not carry infectious diseases and parasites.
4.3 Seed cultivation and management of seed cultivation are performed in accordance with the provisions of Chapters 5, 6 and 7 of SC/T 1008-1994. When it is raised to about 50g/lg, it can be used as a stocking species for food fish.
5, food fish breeding
5.1 Pond owners
5.1.1 The source of the fingerlings is derived from fingerlings that have been caught in self-breeding, self-introduced or seedling production licenses or in the natural waters of the country of origin.
5.1.2 The quality of fingerlings complies with the provisions of 4.2.2 and 4.2.3 and conforms to the morphological characteristics of the sturgeon.
5.1.3 Fish Stocking
5.1.3.1 When the water temperature is stable for more than 10°C in stocking time, carp fingerlings should be stocked. After domestication is successful, stocks of carp and carp should be stocked.
5.1.3.2 Stocking size Pond stock size and density of main carp rearing The stock size and density of main carp rearing ponds are as follows:
Variety: Eel specifications: 40-60g / tail, the number: 1500-2000 tail / 667 square meters, weight: 75-100ks / 667 square meters.
Specifications: >60g/tail, number: 1000-1500 tails/667 square meters, weight: 75-100ks/667 square meters.
Variety: Eel, squid Specifications: 20-60g / tail, the number: 150-200 / 667 square meters, weight: 3-12ks / 667 square meters.
5.1.3.3 Disinfection of fish fingerlings Fish should be disinfected before stocking. See 6.1b) for disinfection methods.
5.1.4 Feed and Feeding
5.1.4.1 Feed Requirements The content of crude protein in the formulated feed shall be around 30%, and the safety limit for compound feed shall comply with the provisions of NY 5072. Limit the use of compound feed ingredients.
5.1.4.2 Tamed fish species begin to tame after stocking. Before each feeding, a specific sound is struck with a fixed vessel, and then the food is fed to the table to form a conditioned reflex. The fish is fed 7 times to 8 times a day for 30 minutes each time. After 7 days or so, the fish is formed. After feeding and grazing habits on the water, they were transferred to normal feeding.
5.1.4.3 Feeding amount According to the weather, water temperature and fish feeding conditions, the amount of feeding and the number of feedings should be properly adjusted. When the water temperature is lower than 18°C, the daily feed is 1%-3% of the fish's body weight and it is fed twice daily; when the water temperature is above 18°C, the daily feed is 3%-5% of the fish's body weight, and it is fed daily. 3 times - 5 times.
5.1.4.4 Feeding method The speed of feeding the feed should be determined according to the feeding status of the fish. If the feeding is intense, the feeding area should be increased and the speed should be increased. According to the rhythm of “slow, fast, slow,†each shot Feed 30min-40min.
5.1.5 Daily Management
5.1.5.1 After the patrol ponds are released, each pool will be inspected each morning and evening to observe the changes in water quality, fish activity and feeding conditions, adjust the amount of feed to be fed in a timely manner, remove debris from the pool, keep the pool clean and sanitary, and find dead fish and disease. The fish shall be picked up and buried in time, and the production records shall be filled out in accordance with the requirements of Annex 1 of the Regulations for the Administration of Quality and Safety of Aquaculture.
5.1.5.2 The management of water quality is adjusted according to the season and the water temperature. The new water is used to adjust the water level. It is usually once every half month and once every week during the high temperature season. Each time water is added 15cm-30cm. Open the aerator for 1h-2h at noon during the high temperature season.
5.1.5.3 Disease Prevention Regularly disinfect pool water, usually once every half month. Commonly used water disinfection drugs and methods are as follows.
Drug Name: Calcium Oxide (Quicklime)
Usage and dosage: Quanchiposa: 20-25mg/L, Note: Can not be mixed with bleach, organic chlorine, heavy metal salts, organic complexes.
Drug Name: Bleach (25% available chlorine)
Usage and dosage: Quanchiposa: 1.0-1.5mg/L, withdrawal time ≥ 5d, Note: 1. Do not dress with metal containers; 2. Do not mix with acid, ammonium salt, quicklime.
Drug Name: sodium dichloroisocyanurate Usage and dosage: Quanchiposa: 0.3-0.6mg / L, withdrawal time ≥ 10d, Note: Do not use metal containers loaded Drug Name: Trichloroisocyanuric acid Usage and dosage: Quanchi Spill: 0.2-0.5mg/L, withdrawal time ≥10d, Precautions: Do not use metal containers for drugs Name: Chlorine dioxide Usage and dosage: Quanchiposa: 0.1-0.2mg/L, withdrawal time ≥ 10d, pay attention Matters: 1. Do not use metal containers; 2. Do not mix with other disinfectants.
Drug Name: Dibromohydantoin Usage and dosage: Quanchiposa: 0.2-0.3mg/L
Drug Name: Povidone-iodine (effective iodine 1.0%)
Usage and dosage: Quanchiposa: 1.0-2.0mg/L, Note: 1. Do not contact with metal objects; 2. Do not mix directly with quaternary ammonium disinfectant.
5.2 cage feeding
5.2.1 cage specifications, settings according to the provisions of SC/T 1006 implementation.
5.2.2 Fish species stocking
5.2.2.1 Stocking time When the water temperature in winter and spring is above 10°C, stocking should be conducted once.
5.2.2.2 Stocking Specifications and Density The stocking specifications and density of fingerlings are as follows.
Fish species specifications: 50-100g/tail, stocking density: 25kg/m2.
Fish species specifications: 101-150g / tail, stocking density: 30kg / square meter.
Fish species specifications: 151-200g/tail, stocking density: 34kg/m2.
5.2.2.3 Disinfection of fish fingerlings The disinfection of fingerlings prior to stocking shall be in accordance with 6.1 b).
5.2.3 feed and feeding according to the provisions of 5.1.4.
5.2.4 Routine management According to the water temperature and plugging conditions of the mesh, the box body shall be brushed in time to check the damage of the box, and remove the sick fish, dead fish and the dirt around the cage from the cage. Daily observation of fish activities, feeding, disease and death, and fill in the production records according to the requirements of Annex 1 of the “Aquaculture Quality and Safety Management Regulationsâ€. Find problems and take timely measures. Regular disinfection and disease prevention, disinfection methods see 5.1.5.3.
6, disease prevention
6.1 Prevention of fish disease generally has the following measures:
a) Careful production operations to avoid fish injuries;
b) Strictly sterilize fry and fingerlings before entering the tank (cage). Commonly used fish disinfectant drugs and methods include:
1) salt 1%-3%, bath 5min-20min;
2) potassium permanganate lOmg/L-20mg/L, bath 15min-30min;
3) Povidone iodine 30mg/L, bath for 15min-20min.
The above three kinds of drugs can be used in production;
c) Disinfect the pool water on a regular basis. For disinfection methods, see 5.1.5.3;
d) remove dead fish in time and bury it deeply;
e) Fishing gear used in sick fish ponds (cage boxes) should be immersed and disinfected. Disinfection methods should be carried out in accordance with 6.1 b).
6.2 Common diseases and treatments for catfish are listed below.
(1) Bleeding (bacterial sepsis)
Incidence season: water temperature 15°C-35°C onset 22°C-32°C onset peak.
Symptoms: The mouth, lid, and fins are all congested. The silk is pale, the muscles are reddish, the intestines are congested, the anus is red and swollen, the abdomen is inflated, and the pale abdomen is light yellow.
Treatment method: Quanchiposa trichloroisocyanuric acid 0.3mg/L-0.5mg/L, administered once every other day for 3 times, oral administration of sulfamonomethoxine [kg] and trimethoprim (TMP) per kg body weight With 4:1 ratio used] 50lng, the first dose doubled, with 5d-7d.
(2) The incidence of skin disease: constant years.
Symptoms: The body surface of the fish is congested and inflamed, the scales of the lesion fall off, and the dorsal fin and caudal fin are eroded differently.
Treatment: Quanchiposa bleaching powder 1.5mg/L, or smear potassium permanganate at the lesion.
(3) The incidence of gill disease: April-October.
Symptoms: Cocoon rot with sludge, the epidermis of the patella is congested, and when severe, the humeral bone corrodes into a transparent window.
Treatment: Quanchiposa bleaching powder 1.5mg / L, or gall 2mg/L-4mg / L, oral rhubarb, astragalus, Treats (the ratio of the three is 5: 2: 3), kg per kg body weight 5g-10g, use 4d- 6d.
(4) The incidence of saprophytic disease: The water temperature in spring and autumn is around 18°C.
Symptoms: The mycelium of the parasitized fish eggs is radial; the mycelium grows to grayish white cotton hair outside the fish, the affected muscle rots, and the sick fish are restless.
Treatment methods: 1% -3% saline solution bath 20min, or 400mg/L salt plus 400mg/l baking soda long-term bath.
(5) The incidence of vertical scale disease: April - July.
Symptoms: The diseased fish has a rough surface, and the scales spread outwards, and translucent or bloody exudates accumulate in the sac.
Treatment: external salt 3% plus baking soda 3% bath 10min15min, oral oxytetracycline 50mg per kilogram of body weight, used 4d-6d.
(6) The onset season of anchor head lice: The water temperature is 12-33°C.
Symptoms: Vertebrate parasites are visible on the body surface, fins, and eyes. Congestive erythema is present in the parasites. The scales are loose or detached, mucus is increased, and some form ulcers.
Treatment method: Quanchipate trichlorfon 0.3mg/L-0.5mg/L, every other week, once every two times; potassium permanganate 20mg/L bath 15min-30min.
(7) The onset of Trichinosis: April-July.
Symptoms: Black fish, increased surface mucus or mucus, severe fins, head and body surface appear white, sick fish swimming in groups along the edge of the pool, fish weight loss.
Treatment: Quanchiposa copper sulfate 0.5mg/L plus ferrous sulfate 0.2mg/l.
The use of drugs shall comply with the provisions of NY 5071, and shall be recorded in accordance with the requirements of Annex 3 of the Regulations for the Administration of Quality and Safety of Aquaculture.
NY/T 5293-2004