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Darwin found the robin's shape and large differences in 1835 depending on where they lived on the volcanic islands. This eventually led him to summarize the evolutionary theory of natural selection. By transmuting embryonic neural crest cells, scientists succeeded in getting the cockroaches and duck's cockroaches to reverse. Scientists at the University of California in the United States made a few tiny hands and feet on the bird's embryo. These embryos will turn into funny birds: ducks with a beak-like tip, but with a duck-shaped duck. But the real purpose of the experiment is not to create a strange bird. It will reveal the focus of today's birds in the process of evolution: a key role of genes, and more importantly, it may also help scientists understand the causes of congenital facial defects such as cleft lip. In the early days of avian embryos, the tissues that eventually formed the crickets looked very similar. In order to discover what caused them to drastically change in the end, the biologists at the University of California chose two birds of different shapes: the ducks and the birds.鹌鹑 鹌鹑 --- Let them grow each other's embarrassment. They picked 36-hour-old embryos from an incubator, drilled holes in the shells, and used tiny needles to suck out the neural crest cells in the duck embryo (this cell seems to be the predecessor of the cockroach) and replaced it with a cunning one. Neural crest cells, then repeat this process on the quail embryos. The researchers closed the holes in the eggshell and allowed the eggs to hatch up to 11 days old, at which time the shape of the bird's beak could be identified. Sure enough, as a result, a duck-shaped oyster was grown, and the duck's beak became spiky. This means that neural crest cells carry genetic instructions that determine the shape of ticks. These transplanted neural crest cells also respond to the natural tissues and genes of the embryos—slightly adjusting the facial features around the gills and accelerating the actions of some genes. All this proves that neural crest cells play a key role in the evolution of cicadas. By transmuting embryonic neural crest cells, scientists succeeded in getting the cockroaches and duck's cockroaches to reverse. Orthopedic surgeon Gil Helms is more excited about the prospect of medical applications. Scientists do not know the cause of congenital facial defects such as cleft lip. Understanding the underlying causes of the development of the beak may provide clues to the development of the human craniofacial surface. If there is something similar to the bird's neural crest cells during human development, perhaps the surgeon can correct the cleft lip by transplanting normal mouth-grown cells before the baby is born. ( Southern Metropolis Daily News)