At present, greenhouse tomato planting is more commonly used in two crops a year, divided into autumn and winter stubble and winter and spring stubble. Due to climate differences, the growth laws, nutrient requirements, and field management of the two crops are different. How to scientifically cultivate tomatoes in winter and spring? Experts suggest that farmers should strengthen the management of soil, fertilizer, and water, and read the "three-character classics" of soil and fertilizer and water. Say "Tu Zi Jing" Strengthening soil management is the basis for scientifically balanced fertilization and water management. Farmers' soil management can follow two principles. The first is to rationally supplement organic fertilizers to maintain soil health. Due to the short interval between winter and spring stubble, soil management measures such as recreation and shacks cannot be carried out. Fertilization, ploughing, ridge digging, drip irrigation pipe laying, and transplanting are usually carried out as soon as possible after the seedlings of the last season are pulled. Before ploughing, reasonable supplementation of high-quality organic fertilizer has obvious effects on fertility improvement. Generally, high-quality bio-organic fertilizer is applied at 300 ~ 500 kg / mu, and soybean meal is at 100 ~ 300 kg / mu. The second is ridge cultivation, which is conducive to aeration and water penetration and cultivation of strong roots. The organic fertilizer and the soil are mixed uniformly by rotary tillage, and the depth of the rotary tillage is preferably 20 cm. After rotary tilling, the ridges were 60 cm wide and 20 cm high, and the distance between the two ridges was 80 cm. One ridge double-row planting mode is used for ridge cultivation, and two drip irrigation pipes are laid per ridge. Read the "Water Classic" After planting, the tomato can be covered with film, and watered by 30 square meters per acre through drip irrigation. After 5 to 7 days, the second slow seedling water is poured, and the watering amount is 20 to 25 square meters per acre. Before tomato topping (seedling stage and flowering and fruiting stage), drip irrigation was watered every 7-10 days, and the irrigation amount was 20 m3 / mu. A tensiometer can be installed at a depth of 20 cm below the dripper to indicate the soil moisture content. When the tensiometer reads -25 kPa, drip irrigation can be started, with an irrigation volume of 15-20 m / mu. After tomato topping, as the temperature rises, the water consumption of the tomato increases, and the irrigation interval is reduced to 5 to 7 days, and the irrigation amount is 20 to 25 m3 / mu. The irrigation time interval can also be determined by the tensiometer reading. The drip irrigation fertilization system should be adjusted in a timely manner. When cloudy weather occurs, evaporation will decrease, and appropriate irrigation should be postponed or advanced in advance. At the same time, the amount of irrigation should be reduced. Irrigation ahead of time, increase irrigation frequency or irrigation quota. Read the "Fat Word Classic" Greenhouse tomato grows fast, has many fruits, is fertile, has low root tolerance, and has strict requirements on soil nutritional conditions. It is determined that for every 1000 kg of tomato production, 3.2 kg of nitrogen (N), 0.9 kg of phosphorus (P2O5), and 5.4 kg of potassium (K2O) must be absorbed from the soil. The ratio of the three is 1: 0.3: 1.7. Tomatoes need the most potassium during the whole growth period, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus again. In addition, tomatoes require more calcium, which is comparable to nitrogen. Before the tomato is rotated, 100 kg of superphosphate can be applied per acre to supplement calcium nutrition and meet the phosphorus demand of the crop. After planting, a small amount of rooting amino acids and humic acid can be used to dissolve fertilizers by drip irrigation, but it must be filtered to prevent clogging of drip holes. Fertilization was started from the fourth drip irrigation and 4 to 5 times before tomato topping. The recommended formula was 20-5-20 and the application rate was 13.3 kg / mu. After tomato topping, a high-potassium formula (12-5-35) water-soluble fertilizer was applied at a rate of 10 kg / mu each and applied 5-6 times. In the middle and late stages of tomato growth, foliar spraying can be used to supplement trace elements. Tomatoes need more calcium, and calcium deficiency can easily lead to umbilical rot and cracked fruit, which affects yield. Foliar spraying of a 0.3% to 0.5% calcium nitrate aqueous solution or an 800 to 1000-fold calcium sugar alcohol solution can be used to supplement trace elements such as boron and zinc while adding calcium, which is beneficial to fruit swelling and increase yield. Precautions Farmers should pay attention to six aspects when managing tomato soil fertilizer and water in winter and spring stubble greenhouses. The first is that farmers with drip irrigation facilities use ridge cultivation as much as possible, which can increase ground temperature, aerated and permeable water, and is conducive to the growth of tomato roots. The second is to apply organic fertilizers with high carbon and nitrogen as much as possible, reduce the application of manure from livestock and poultry farming such as pure chicken manure and pig manure, and increase the input of microbial fertilizer. The third is to fertilize a small number of times, fertilize once, do not empty water during fruit setting. Attention should be paid to the principles of phosphorus (long root), middle nitrogen (long tree), and potassium (long fruit) at the early stage of fertilizer application. The fourth is to try to prevent the root system from growing out of 30 cm from the root. To dig the root to see if it meets the irrigation requirements, the irrigation volume is generally about 20 m / mu. Fifth, the principle of water-fertilizer synchronization (water-fertilizer integration) must be achieved. Water-soluble fertilizers of good quality should be applied, and irrigation should be well-filtered to prevent drip holes from blocking the use of irrigation equipment. Sixth, the principle of first watering-then fertilizing-and then watering should be mastered when irrigating, which is conducive to the full transfer of the applied fertilizer to the root layer of tomatoes. At the same time, the accumulation of salt in the drip irrigation pipe can prevent the dripper from being blocked. 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