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First, the biological science of Nereis is a kind of invertebrate animal, an invertebrate, an ovipositae, a migratory and a nematode. There are more than 80 species in China's coastal areas. The cocoon is like a worm and its body is composed of many body segments. Sandworms inhabit the sediment and move with the fluctuation of the tide. The larvae feed on low-algae species. After sneaking into the sediment, they use spices and plant and animal debris as spices. They are omnivorous animals. The ability to adapt to temperature and salinity is relatively strong, mostly dioecious, no obvious reproductive system, only the formation of gonads in the pre-genital period, changes in body color or shape. In the water temperature of about 20 °C discharged eggs 3. 5 days hatch larvae, 9 to 14 days after hatching can be immersed in the sand to live. In the natural environment, it is mostly one year old, and it dies after spawning and mating. The silkworm grows rapidly and can reach commercial specifications for several months. Suitable species for culturing and aquaculture are: Neathes japonica, Perinereisibuhitensis, Tylorrhynchus, and Nectoneanthes multignatha.
The Japanese spiny-spotted silkworm is a relatively large individual, usually 12 to 15 cm in length, and up to 20 cm in size.
Widely distributed in China's Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea and Japan's coast, inhabiting in sediment, camping burrowing life, omnivorous, larval plankton stage mainly to single cell algae, burrowing benthic algae and organic debris as a seasoning . The suitable temperature range is 1～35°C, and the suitable salt range is 1‰～37‰. The wide-temperature and wide-salt varieties will be strong in adaptability to the environment and easy to cultivate.
Second, the silkworm breeding method
1. Extensive earthen pond farming
(1) Selection of aquaculture sites According to the ecological habits of Nereis, the aquaculture sites need to be easily drained into and out of water, and there is no industrial pollution. The sediments of the ponds are mainly fine and soft clay. After the site is selected, the first step is to mechanical plowing and loose soil. The depth of about 30 cm, in order to facilitate the larvae of the silkworm larvae. Plowing good ponds use quicklime and bleach to kill enemy pests.
(2) Within one week before the fertilization of the larvae of nymphs, 450 to 750 kg/ha of organic fertilizer should be applied to increase the primary productivity of the earthen pond in order to cultivate the food organisms of the silkworm. The stockings were Ganglonia. From September to October, the density was 250/m2. After releasing the seedlings, fertilization was conducted once in spring, autumn and winter. Fertilizer was 750 kg/ha of fermented chicken, duck, and 450 kg/ha straw. The use of low-value bait, such as rapeseed meal, bean cake, cornmeal, or feed scrap, meets the nutritional needs of the silkworm, and the amount of feed is adjusted according to the condition of the beach surface and the growth of the silkworm.
(3) After the stocking sites are ready, the artificially bred strains will be stocked in large-scale earthen ponds. This type of cultivation requires strict requirements for clearing the ponds and water intake, and the inlet and outlet gates must be separated, and the inlet gates should be installed. The 60-mesh sieve and net are installed in the 100-mesh screen to ensure that the predator cannot enter the soil pool and prevent the juveniles of the silkworm from draining from the pool.
2. Industrialized aquaculture This method was first seen in Japan in the 1980s. It was first artificially reared indoors, then stocked with seedlings. The pool was not sanded when nursery was raised, and about 30 centimeters of coarse sand was laid when the seedlings were grown. Daily water change, feeding 2-3 times, coupled with inflatable equipment, as long as the water supply is timely, the temperature is appropriate, the density is reasonable, enough food, 6 months to develop product specifications, the output is generally 3 kg/m2.
The silkworm broodstock used for reproduction can be purchased directly before the breeding season every year before the breeding season. The broodstock requires a strong, complete, and responsive body. The acquired sandworms generally do not reach the isoforms and need to be stocked. When stocking, they can be directly put into the rearing tank, or in the cement tank or the 40-mesh large cage. The water depth requires 40-50 cm and the density should not exceed 2-3 kg/m2. Change the water every 2 to 3 days, and feed the yeast powder, bean cake and other bait. After the silkworm has reached the isoform, use a net to collect and use it for the breeding of the silkworm larvae.
Third, the capture method Nereistan self-propagation ability is very strong, put the sandworm just young and young cultured 3 to 4 months after the breeding can be larvae. When the sandworm individual grows to 10 to 15 centimeters, and the larvae reach a certain density, they can be caught in time, catching large and small, and they can adopt a single stocking and multiple capture methods.
There are two common methods of capture. One is to capture by hand. The silkworm burrows in the sand, heads and tails, and the depth is 25-40 cm. In the soft sediment, it can be dug directly with both hands. The second is excavating with shovels, pointed spades, or three-tooth rakes, which can be excavated quickly with the ebb tide.
Taiwan has done experiments and used electric flooding to capture the silkworms that inhabit the sediment. The electric drive method has a strong drive and high efficiency, and it is best to drive the silkworms by gradually increasing the stimulation current. If the drive current is selected to be too small or too large, or to increase the drive time, it is not conducive to stimulate and drive the silkworm, but it is easy to make the silkworm anesthesia or even produce self-cut phenomenon, affecting the capture effect.
With the development of marine biotechnology, people have more demand for nutrients and health products. Nereis has a variety of functions such as stimulating blood circulation and warming the spleen and stomach. Fujian, Guangdong, and Guangxi have long had the tradition of eating sandworms. In recent years, sandworms have entered high-end restaurants, and overseas Chinese often use dried silk products as gifts for overseas relatives.