High-yield cultivation technology of scallion

It belongs to the genus Allium of the family Liliaceae. It is a biennial herbaceous plant. It is cold-resistant, wet-loving, adaptable, and has a high yield. It is loved by the masses. According to the production practices in our region for several years, the main cultivation techniques are as follows:

First, timely breeding

1. Select excellent varieties: choose high yield and quality apple onions.

2. Site selection: Select a site with flat terrain, fertile soil, and no tall buildings around to build plastic greenhouses.

3. Seedling breeding: The seedling breeding time is about March 10th, and the amount of peasant manure applied and applied on the bed soil in the shed before sowing is 1 cubic meter. Use a shovel to dig into the soil, and then level the bed with a rake. At the same time, sieve fine soil outside the shed to prepare for sowing and covering. When sowing, use dry seeds, spread the seeds evenly on the bed, and then cover the soil with a thickness of 1 cm. After sowing, the amount of acres is 72. Use watering can to fill the bed soil.

4. Nursery Shed Management

(1) Temperature management. The temperature in the shed before the emergence of the shallots is maintained at a high temperature. It is maintained at about 25 ° C during the day and 15 ° C at night. If the temperature is too low, 2-3 layers of agricultural film cover are used for insulation. After emergence, the temperature in the shed is maintained at 18-25 ° C during the day and 15 ° C at night. In April, the external temperature gradually rises. When the temperature in the shed exceeds 28 ° C, a small air blow can be performed. Days, all the edges of the film are uncovered, and seedlings are exercised. During the night of the refining, when the low temperature is damaged, the edges of the film can be put down in time and the soil is compacted and insulated.

(2) Humidity management. The bed soil is generally not watered before sowing. After emergence, according to the dry and wet conditions of the bed soil and the water requirement of the onion seedlings, small water is poured in time to prevent large water irrigation. So as not to cause seedlings to grow too long.

(3) Topdressing. During the growth process of round onion seedlings, it was found that the seedlings grew slowly and the leaves were light green in color. When the fertilizer was de-fertilized, foliar supplementation was performed. The method was to spray the plants with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once every 10 days. , 2 sprays can promote growth.

Land selection and site preparation

1. Choosing a land. Choosing a land for planting onions is very important. The key to determining high yield is to choose flat stubble, fertile soil, rowable, irrigated corn stubble and potato stubble.

2. The preparation of the land is mainly based on the preparation of autumn land. When turning the rake, apply 2000 kg of high-quality chicken manure per mu. Surface, the width of the salamander is 1 meter, the distance between the salamander and the salamander is 30 cm, and the length of the salamander is the same as that of the salamander.

Third, colonization

In order to maintain survival during planting, continuous operations such as seedling raising, buckling, seedling planting, and watering are performed.

1. Planting time, when the onion seedlings grow 3-4 true leaves, and the length reaches 15 cm, the seedlings will be planted on April 25th. Dig seedlings with a flat shovel when raising seedlings, shake the soil gently with your hands, and choose strong seedlings for planting.

2. Cover the mulch. The mulch is a black mulch, which can increase the soil temperature. The width of the mulch is 1.1 meters. Before the planting, the mulch is stretched and stretched tightly to cover the surface of the mulch, and then the soil is pressed against the edge of the film. It can also be operated with a film laminator, which is performed before planting.

3. After planting and mulching, immediately carry out seedling planting. When planting seedlings, hold the seedlings in the middle of the ditch while shoveling the eyes with the transplanting tip on the surface of the shovel. Each row has 7 rows and the row spacing is 15 cm. The depth is 5-6 cm, and the seedlings are planted while piercing the eyes. After planting, the film mouth is tightly sealed, and the number of seedlings per mu is 18,000 to 20,000.

4. Watering, after the onion seedlings are planted, spray the noodle seedlings with a watering can in time to ensure the seedlings' need for water.

5. Spray the seedling agent. In order to eliminate weeds under the film, manually spray 33% of the field supplement herbicide before the film is released. Soil weeding was carried out to eliminate weeds, and the application rate was 33% of Shitianbu 100ml per mu.

6. When adding fertilizer and preparing the soil for hoeing, a certain amount of fertilizer should be applied in the cultivated layer to promote the growth of seedlings. Urea is 10 kg of urea, 10 kg of potassium sulfate, and 25 kg of diammonium phosphate.

Field management

The quality of field management has a direct impact on the yield of shallots. Must be grasped. Focus on the following links:

1. Moisture supply. The requirements of moisture during the growth of scallion seedlings are very sensitive. Otherwise the growth will be dysfunctional. The water supply method is to use spray irrigation, the second is to use Xiaobailonggou irrigation, and the third is to use a watering can to water the weak onion seedlings.

2. Foliar spraying fertilizer. In order to promote the growth of round onion seedlings, foliar spraying fertilizer can be applied to the spring onion seedlings at different growth stages. The method is to spray the green onion seedlings with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once every 2 days. 2 Times.

3. Prevention and control of pests and diseases. During the growth process, the spring onion seedlings will suffer a lot of pests and diseases, which will affect the yield and quality, reduce economic benefits, and must be well controlled to achieve high yields. At present, the diseases in the growth process of scallion are mainly downy mildew, purple spot disease and epidemic disease. The medicament used is 500 times solution of Kelu, 500 times solution of antiseptic alum, and 500 times solution of chlorothalonil. Spray from June to July, once every 10 days. Insect pests include the leaf miner fly, and when found to be harmful, it is controlled with 800 times solution of killing crickets, once every 10 days.

4. Onion management. When the onion head grows to a diameter of 2-3 cm, it is promptly drawn out from under the membrane to promote the rapid growth of the onion head.

5. Eliminate weeds. When weeds grow in the ditch between the hoe and the hoe, remove them in time to eliminate the weeds.

Fifth, harvesting, drying, storage, when the onion seedlings, the stems turn yellow, the leaves dry, and the onion heads are harvested in time, the time is about August 28. When harvesting spring onions, harvest and return to the field for drying in the field. When the stems are completely dry, use scissors to remove the soil from the roots. Pack and stack them for storage or sale. Transported to the warehouse for storage.

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