High-quality and high-yielding cultivation techniques of overwintering cauliflower in the Central Plains

Overwintering is a kind of cauliflower planting stubble. In the cold winter, without any protection, the field can be safely overwintered in the open, and it can be harvested in March. The overwintering cauliflower has the advantages of light pests and diseases, good management, and high economic benefits, and can adjust the early spring vegetables in the off-season market, which is very popular among vegetable farmers. In recent years, the planting area of ​​winter cauliflower in Huanghuai area has expanded year by year, with large planting areas in Xiangyang City of Hubei, Xuzhou City of Jiangsu Province, Heze City of Shandong Province, Fuyang City of Anhui Province, Zhengzhou City of Henan Province, Shangqiu City, Zhoukou City, Nanyang City, etc. . Overwintering cauliflower plays an important role in the adjustment of the local vegetable planting structure, the revitalization of the rural economy, and the acceleration of farmers' wealth.

1Select excellent varieties

Overwintering cauliflower should choose varieties with strong cold resistance and disease resistance, generally under the low temperature of -4-12 ° C, without any protection measures, it can safely overwinter. The relative varieties in the current market include Donghua 240, Donghua Overwintering King and Aoxue 1 etc.

2 Sowing in time

Choose a suitable sowing date according to the local climatic conditions and variety characteristics. The reference sowing date in Henan Province is from July 25 to August 5. Other areas should be based on different soil conditions and climatic types. Before large-scale planting, introduction trials must be conducted. Species. The seed quantity for breeding 667m² is 25-45g, and the seedling bed is 30m².

3 Seedling technology

3.1 Plug tray nursery

Plug tray nursery is a kind of factory nursery method that uses plug tray to realize * sowing and quickly cultivate high-quality strong seedlings. The seedlings cultivated by the plug tray have the advantages of short seedling age, neat seedlings, robustness, no diseases and insect pests, and quick return to seedling after planting. Plug tray nursery can concentrate nursery, unified management, less influenced by the environment during nursery period, can raise seedlings in large quantities, and save labor. For cauliflower seedlings with a seedling age of about 5 leaves, a 72-hole tray should be used.

3.1.1 Preparation of nursery substrate The nursery substrate needs to be fertile and loose, rich in organic matter, and has good water retention and permeability. It can be fermented and cooked by using vegetable garden soil, farmyard manure, coal slag, and hull ash, which can be piled in advance. The peat, perlite and vermiculite are formulated at 6: 3: 1. Add 2kg of compound fertilizer per m3 substrate, 100g of 50% carbendazim powder and 0.5kg of 10% phoxim granules. Mix the soil, fertilizer and medicines well and reserve. Special cauliflower seedling raising substrates can also be purchased.

3.1.2 Loading, sowing, and managing Press the holes on the tray with the substrate installed, with a tool or finger, the depth is about 0.5cm, and the sowing depth is 0.5-1cm. Before sowing, soak the seeds in warm water at 50 ° C, stir continuously until the water temperature drops to room temperature and soak for 2h (hours), rinse off the seeds, rinse with clean water, sow 1 grain per hole. Another 1-2 sets of multicast are used to fill the gap. After sowing, cover the substrate and flatten it with a scraper. After covering the seeds, pour water through a watering can and cover with plastic film (the temperature must be covered with newspapers, etc. if the temperature exceeds 30 ° C) to facilitate water retention and promote neat emergence.

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