1. Scientifically match tea varieties

First consider whether the selected variety is suitable for the climate and environmental conditions of the region. Tea areas that are prone to freezing damage at high latitudes, high altitudes, and low winter temperatures should select tea varieties with strong cold resistance; second, the demand for the tea produced should be considered. Black tea, green tea, or oolong tea should be selected for appropriate tea tree varieties. Promote the selection of clones of cloned tea trees. In the severely cold winter and high-altitude tea areas, you can select fine clones of relatively good traits. Large-scale tea production bases should avoid simplification of varieties, and should be reasonably matched with varieties with different germination periods and different tea suitability, so as to facilitate the development of multiple teas and adapt to changes in market demand.

2. Tea Garden Management

(1) Soil management of tea garden

Combined with top dressing or weeding, shallow ploughing is carried out 2-3 times a year, with a depth of 5 cm to 10 cm, which can be carried out using a small rotary tiller. Deep cultivation should be carried out at the end of the tea season throughout the year, the depth should be more than 15 cm, but not more than 30 cm, the width is preferably 40 cm-50 cm, not close to the root of the tea tree, generally combined with the application of base fertilizer.

Tea gardens can intercroppe green manure, asparagus, astragalus, yellow clover, white clover, sage grass, etc., as well as intercropping soybeans, mung beans, fava beans, peas, rotton beans, rape, radishes, peppers, potatoes, sweet potatoes, corn and other crops. The intercropping green manure is cut when its biomass is at its maximum. After the crops receive the harvest (such as grains or roots), other biomass is left in the tea plantation, covering the ground or turning into the soil.

Straw, wheat straw, bean straw, rape stalk, green manure, wheat husk, bean husk, rapeseed husk and fallen leaves, bark, wood chips, etc., are evenly spread in the tea shop, covering the thickness of 8 cm -10 cm. When it is mainly cold prevention and temperature increase, lay grass before the soil freezes; when it is mainly drought prevention, lay grass when the soil moisture is sufficient before the start of the dry season.

(2) Fertilization in tea garden

Mainly nitrogen, with phosphorus and potassium, balanced with trace elements to balance the nutrition supply. The annual suitable amount of nitrogen fertilizer (calculated as pure nitrogen, the same below) for famous green tea tea gardens is 13kg-20kg/mu. For bulk tea (black tea) tea gardens, the annual nitrogen fertilizer dosage is 20kg-30kg/mu. Especially high-yield tea gardens (dry tea) Yield ≥250 kg/mu) The maximum is no more than 35 kg/mu, the annual nitrogen fertilizer consumption of black tea tea garden is 13 kg-20 kg/mu, and the annual nitrogen consumption of Wulong tea garden is 13 kg-30 kg/mu. Phosphate fertilizer (according to P2O5) dosage 4 kg-6 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (according to K2O) dosage 4 kg-9 kg/mu, magnesium fertilizer (MgO) dosage 1.3 kg-3 kg/mu. The specific dosage is adjusted according to the soil analysis results.

3. Green Prevention and Control of Diseases, Pests and Weeds

Following the principle of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control", according to the characteristics of the occurrence of pests and diseases of tea gardens and the requirements of harmless prevention and control, comprehensive use of green prevention and control technologies such as agricultural prevention, physical prevention, and biological prevention will minimize the use of chemical pesticides.

(1) Controlling leaf-eating pests

Agricultural control. For tea caterpillars and tea black poisonous moths, artificially remove the overwintering egg masses from November to February of the following year; for target pests such as big worm moth, tea worm moth, brown worm moth, etc., the cysts should be removed in time for centralized treatment. For the overwintering pests in the topsoil such as gray tea inchworm, horned chestnut beetle, chali patterned beetle, etc., combined with deep ploughing in autumn and winter to apply base fertilizer, turn the insect pupae (eggs) in the topsoil to the surface or bury them to kill.

Physical control. Light trapping should be implemented, and adult pests such as gray tea inchworms, tea caterpillars, tea leaf moths, yellow spines, flat moths and scarabs should be trapped with narrow-wave LED insecticidal lamps from February to October to reduce the number of pest populations. Every 20 acres of tea gardens are equipped with an insecticidal lamp, the lamp is 60 cm-70 cm higher than the tea canopy, and the lamp is turned on every night from 18:00 to 24:00. The implementation of sex pheromone trapping, the tea gardens that are more harmful to gray tea inchworms, tea caterpillars, tea leaf curl moths, and tea fine moths, can set 4 traps per acre to trap adult insects from April to October.

Biological control. To protect and use beneficial organisms, tea gardens intercropping aromatic plants, planting trees, and laying grass between rows to create good habitat and reproduction conditions for natural enemies such as spiders, lacewings, ladybirds, parasitic wasps, and predatory mites, and reduce human factors to natural enemies. hurt. Use parasitic wasps or parasitic wasps to carry viruses (6 bags per mu) to control Lepidoptera pests such as tea caterpillars and gray tea loopers. To the larvae of gray tea inchworm, tea caterpillar, tea black poisonous moth, the concentration of 5×106PIB/ml nuclear polyhedrosis virus, 50000IU/mg Bacillus thuringiensis 60g-90g/mu, 10 billion spores/ml Brevibacterium brevis 800 times solution or 0.6% matrine 500-600 times solution. The application of virus control should be carried out during the occurrence of the first and second generation of pests.

Scientific medicine. When the pests in the tea garden exceed the control targets and cannot be effectively controlled, pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity, low residue, and low water solubility are limitedly used. For example, 24% chlorfenapyr suspending agent 1500-1800 times solution or 15% indoxacarb cream 2500 times solution can be used for prevention and control.

(2) Prevention and control of juice-absorbing pests

Agricultural control. Picking in batches, multiple times, and in time, to suppress the occurrence of pests such as tea leaf green leafhopper, tea orange gall mite, tea aphid, tea leaf curl moth, etc., take away the eggs and young larvae (larvae) with the buds and reduce the density of the insect mouth. Timely pruning to reduce harm.

Physical control. Implement swatch trapping, and set pests with yellow-green characteristics such as tea green leafhoppers, thrips, black beetle whitefly, aphids, tea net stink bugs, etc., and set precise sticky insect swatches on the tea tent. The swatches are 20 cm higher than the tea canopy, 25-30 sheets per mu.

Biological control. In tea areas or seasons with high humidity, a concentration of 8 million spores/ml beauveria bassiana dilution can be used to control tea green leafhoppers and tea net stink bugs. For tea green leafhoppers, thrips, etc., it can be controlled with 300-500 times of 30% tea saponin liquid, with an interval of 7 days, and then use the drug once. For tea gardens with a lot of pests such as black fly whiteflies, mites and scales, it is advisable to spray a 45% crystal stone sulfur mixture 300-500 times after closing the garden in autumn.

Scientific medicine. Reaching the control target, spraying 1500-1800 times of 24% chlorfenapyr suspension agent to control juice sucking pests (mites) such as tea green leafhoppers, thrips and pest mites; spraying 15% indoxacarb 2500 times solution, 22% Thiamethoxam and lambda-cyhalothrin microcapsule suspension-suspending agent 6000 times solution to control tea green leafhopper.

(3) Prevention and treatment of leaf diseases

Agricultural control. Implement batch, multiple, and timely picking to suppress diseases such as tea white spot disease, tea bud blight, etc. that damage buds and leaves. Properly pruning, cutting off diseased branches and leaves, and bringing them out to the tea garden for centralized treatment.

Biological control. For the main diseases such as tea cake disease, tea white star disease, anthracnose, wheel spot disease, and mottled leaf blight, etc., at the initial stage of the disease, you can choose 3% polytetracycline 300 times liquid spray control. For tea gardens where diseases often occur, half-volume Bordeaux solution of 0.6% lime can be sprayed after the garden is closed in autumn.

Scientific medicine. In the early stage of disease, choose 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 800-1000 times solution, 250 g/liter pyraclostrobin EC 1000-2000 times solution, 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granules 1000-1500 times Liquid and other pharmaceutical prevention.

(4) Prevention of stem and root diseases

For stem diseases such as black shoot disease of tea shoots, pruning shall be carried out according to the condition of the disease, and the diseased branches shall be cut off for centralized treatment. For root diseases such as tea root rot, the stagnant water in the tea garden should be eliminated in a timely manner, and organic fertilizer should be added to enhance disease resistance; when diseased plants are found, trenches should be isolated from healthy plants in time to prevent the spread of pathogens.

(5) Weed control

Reasonable use of agronomic measures to control weeds, through the tea garden rows covered with tea tree pruning, straw and other straw, or interplanting white clover, sage grass, etc., to suppress the occurrence of weed damage. In the season when weeds are frequent, artificial or mechanical weeds should be used to control weeds. For unsealed tea gardens, weeds can be used to suppress the occurrence of weeds.

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