First, the characteristics of the late navel orange varieties

1. Morphological characteristics: the tree is strong, the tree pose is relatively open, the budding power is medium, the branching force is strong, and the shoots are 3~4 times a year. The new shoots have short thorns; the leaves are oval and the leaves are blunt Round, leaf color is thick green; flowering ability is strong, generally single flower, flower buds deep cracked, stigma dimple, male sterility, a few flowers are umbels.

2. Phenological period: the bud sprouting period is in early March, the spring shoot growth period is from mid-March to the beginning of April, the summer shoot growth period is from early May to early July, and the autumn shoot growth period is from late July to early September; From the beginning of the month to the beginning of April, the flowering period is around the end of April; the first physiological fruiting period is in the middle and late April, the second physiological fruiting period is from mid-May to the middle of June; the fruit begins to color from the end of December to the beginning of January, at the end of February. Mature, hanging trees to better quality from March to April.

3. Results habits: Generally, the spring shoots and early autumn shoots are the result of the mother branch.

Fruit traits: The late navel orange fruit has an elliptical shape, no seeds, and the fruit top is slightly convex. The peel is smooth, orange-yellow, umbilical yellow, closed umbilicus, the mass of single fruit is about 250g, the soluble solid content is 12.4%, the fruit is fragrant, and the flesh is tender. The degree of slag is high and the flavor is strong.

4. Main advantages

The maturity of most navel orange varieties is concentrated in November to December, while the Lun Navel Orange is listed in April, which is in the off-season of fruit, and the market advantage is obvious.

The late fruit grows long, the nutrient accumulation is sufficient, the taste is sweet, the slag is good, and the aroma is rich.

5. Some shortcomings

Late night navel orange is late, it is necessary to hang the tree for winter, and the winter temperature requirement for the cultivation area is relatively high.

The nighttime navel orange has a large amount of flowers, but the flower quality is poor, and the fruit setting rate is low. If the fruit-preserving measures are not effective, it is easy to cause a large number of fallen flowers and fruits.

There are many large fruit pomace with a diameter of more than 80 mm, no slag, and it is easy to be dry, and the phenomenon of cracking is also serious.

Second, Lun night navel orange planting technology

1. Building requirements

Luneng navel orange has higher requirements on fertilizer, water, temperature and light conditions. Generally, it should be built in hilly and mountainous areas below 24.5 latitude and 3m above sea level, such as the Three Gorges reservoir area, Weinan, Guizhongnan and other citrus production areas.

The orchard should be built in the middle of the mountain, facing south and trying to reduce the occurrence of freezing damage. It is preferred to use loose, deep, fertile and slightly acidic soil conditions.

2. Colonization management

When using the scorpion as a rootstock and using the open seedling method, the seedlings are planted for 4-6 months, and the seedlings are planted with soil. Planting time can be selected from late February to mid-March.

High-connected plants should choose trees with a tree age of 20 years or less, robust growth of trees, no pests and diseases, and strong affinity with the varieties. The time is selected in spring and autumn, and the spring is carried out in March to April. The autumn is carried out in late August to early October.

3. Fertilizer management

Fertilization of young trees: Apply germination fertilizer from late February to early March, mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer, and cooperate with sea snail bio-stimulating agent; topdressing fertilizer at the peak of growth period of new shoots in the growing season, with nitrogen fertilizer and potash fertilizer as the main fertilizer. The anterior leaching sea elf bio-stimulant; less or no application in the high temperature and dry season to prevent burning roots; the last top dressing control was applied before mid-September to prevent the late autumn shoots from freezing and freezing.

The results of tree fertilization: spring bud fertilizer was applied 7 to 10 days before germination, mainly available nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer; strong fruit fertilizer was applied in mid-July, fertilizer was mainly potassium fertilizer, with nitrogen fertilizer; winter fertilizer was 10 Applied in November, organic fertilizer is the main, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are combined, pay attention to supplement the medium and trace element fertilizer.

Moisture management: Luna night navel orange needs water, but moderate water control before fruit ripening is beneficial to increase fruit sugar and improve quality. Specific measures, one is to control the water, the leaves of the navel orange appear slightly wilting, that is, the leaves are slightly rolled during the day, and the leaves are displayed at night and in the morning, generally lasting 7 to 10 days, which can increase the sugar content of the fruit. The second is to open the ditch and drain the soil, so that the soil is moderately dry, which is beneficial to increase the sugar content of the fruit.

4. Plastic trimming

Saplings: mainly cultivated canopy, using natural happy-shaped tree shape shaping, tree-shaped cultivation is mainly based on pull branches, and through the moderate short cut and topping of the backbone branches, the branches are promoted.

The fixed dry height is about 50cm, and the main branches are 3~4, and the distribution on the trunk is patchy. The branching angle of the main branches is 30~50, and the main branches are arranged with 2~3 main branches. Generally, after the formation of the third main branch, the central dry-cutting is to be cut off or twisted to the side for the result branch group.

The result tree: pay attention to reasonable control of tip pruning, spring shoots and autumn shoots to focus on sparse shoots, remove the stagnation branches that affect the light, cut off the erect strong branches and long branches, and avoid the excessive shoots affecting the next year. Stay in the middle of the branch.

The summer shoots are dominated by the control of the shoots, and all the summer shoots are erased, or the summer and autumn shoots of the summer shoots are taken out, and the annual yield is adjusted by short-cutting some of the shoots to prevent the results of years and years.

Heavy pruning was carried out before the autumn shoots, mainly with large branch pruning techniques, and the result group, the falling flower fruit branch group and the decaying branch group were retracted in time. Appropriately cut out the "sunroof" to the more crowded backbone branches, and introduce light into the inner shackles. In addition to the resulting branches, the branches that affect the ventilation and light transmission are removed, and the branches, the reverse branches, the overlapping branches, the dead branches, and the diseased branches are cut off.

5. Flower management

Due to the tree system, in the years when the tree has a large amount of flowers, it is possible to carry out flower thinning and fruit thinning, and reasonably adjust the amount of flowers and fruits to ensure the uniformity of the fruit and improve the quality.

6. Fruit wintering

In the winter, if the drought occurs, the leaves will be wilted, and the orchard will be irrigated once every 10~15 days. When irrigation, it is necessary to fill and fill the tree once, and cover the tree tray in time.

Due to the low temperature in winter, navel orange is prone to fruit drop, and should be sprayed to preserve fruit. Generally spray 2,4-D twice, the first time in the color change period of the navel orange fruit, that is, from the end of October to the beginning of November, the spraying concentration is 20~30 mg/kg; the second time is 30 days, the concentration is 30 ~40 mg/kg. According to the amount of rainwater at that time, the concentration of the drug can be moderately increased or decreased. The concentration of rainwater is slightly higher, and the concentration is slightly lower when the rain is less.

Low temperature in winter is easy to cause the fruit to be frozen, and long-term low temperature is easy to cause fruit drop and fruit granulation. Antifreeze measures should be taken to prevent fruit freezing damage. It can be used to prevent freezing and protect wintering fruits by measures such as canopy mulching or single fruit bagging and ground mulching (grass).

7. Fruit bagging

Bagging can prevent pests and birds from harming the fruit, reduce wind damage, and prevent fruit rust, cracked fruit and sunburn.

The bagging period is from the end of June to the beginning of July after the end of the physiological drop. Before bagging, the navel orange should be sprayed 1~2 times according to the occurrence of pests and diseases. After spraying, select normal and strong fruits for bagging.

The bag should be selected from the special bag for navel orange which is resistant to wind, rain and rain, and suitable for single-layer bags. Bags are taken 15 to 20 days before harvesting to increase the color of the fruit.

8. Pest control

The diseases of late navel orange are mainly ulcer disease, anthracnose, resin disease, etc. The main pests are red spider, rust tick, leaf miner, whitefly and scale insect.

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