There are 254,000 mu of fruit trees in Qian’an City, and at least 50,000 farmers rely on fruit trees for economic income. At present, traditional and old fruit tree varieties are gradually being replaced by new varieties. However, there are many problems in the introduction and promotion of new varieties of fruit trees, which directly affect the economic benefits of the fruit growers and restrict the development of the industry. According to the problems discovered by the author for many years, the authors propose targeted solutions for peer reference. First, there is a problem 1. Do not in-depth study, blindly believe in advertising. There are fruit growers blindly chasing the wind and pursuing new, extraordinary and special. As early as the early 1990s, a new type of early-maturing peach called “Wu Zi No. 1â€, after three to five years of cultivation practices, proved that the variety was not as good as the advertising campaign and gradually faded out of the market. However, from 1998 to 1999, there were a number of media propaganda and reporting on the "Jin Chun Hong," a new variety of early-maturing peaches. This variety was actually the "Yi Zi No. 1", and some fruit farmers were blindly introduced because they did not visit the scene. 2. Do not conduct a regional test and introduce blindly. Different species have different requirements for the cultivation environment. Through regional testing of varieties, the most suitable areas for the cultivation of the varieties, sub-optimal areas and unsuitable areas can be determined. In Qian’an City in the late 1990s, towns and villages in Qian’an City introduced the “Zhonghua Shoutaoâ€. The growth and development period of this species took 200 days. However, the local frost-free period was only 173 days. Individual executive leaders did not observe the actual situation of the customers, did not obey the opinions of technicians, and forcibly introduced them. , Cultivation area of ​​6,000 mu, the preservation rate of less than 5% in the year of planting, labor and people hurt. 3. Do not mind upgrading, blindly seeking new ideas. New varieties of fruit trees continue to be introduced and new ones emerge in an endless stream. There are many kinds of advertisements and propaganda, which expands the popularity of new varieties. But it also creates an illusion that people think that the newer species is better, and an orchard in Qian’an city does not need to improve the quality of the fruit, but under the guidance of some so-called experts and some local technicians, Huang Xiaoshui has already entered the fruit period. It was changed to "Red Fuji". Two years later, it was renamed "Victory." After three years, it was renamed "Hokkaido No. 9". Later, I did not know who heard "Good early" and changed it. It became "early victory", resulting in 11 years without any income, but it wasted a lot of manpower and material resources and had to be destroyed in 2007. 4. Single species. Among the fruit tree species promoted in Qian’an City, the apple is mainly the Red Fuji line and the Marshal line; the peach is mainly the Jiubao line; the chestnut is mainly Yanshan Zaofeng and Osaka red. Apple varieties such as Yan Shanhong and Shengli, which are relatively favourable, and peach varieties such as “Daguan No.1†have not been fully utilized. Pollin tree configuration is unreasonable. Mainly in the inconsistent flowering period, the proportion of pollination tree is unreasonable, and the pollen affinity of the main tree species and pollination tree is poor. 6. The varieties are very mixed. Due to the high selling price of new varieties of nursery stock and good sales, coupled with the lack of administrative management, some seedling producers and traders sell counterfeit new varieties of seedlings, resulting in a large variety of orchard varieties, good and bad varieties, and loss of fruit farmers. For example, in Qian’an in 1997, thousands of acres of sandy pear orchards were built. As the key project of the town’s government, only seedlings cost more than 300,000 yuan. When the results were discovered, there were more than a dozen species, snow pear, There are various varieties such as early pears and pears, and there are even du pears that are not grafted. In the other village, 500 acres of Taoyuan built in 1998, the main plant variety was Tianwang Peach. After the results, there were more than forty peach varieties with different strains. In addition to nectarine, only seven nectarine varieties were found. What is Okubo, Chunlei, Chunxue, early spring, heavy red, Shuohong, Annon water honey, etc., where is Taoyuan, it is simply a variety of resources nursery. 7. Excessive administrative intervention. Some leaders, for their so-called political achievements, cannot listen to the objective and fair technical viewpoints of professional and technical personnel, do not understand the laws of nature, and do not observe the reality of customers. They are forced to cultivate in the townships and villages according to the varieties they specify, and ultimately they are peasants and farmers. In previous years, under the intervention of a certain leader, a village in Qian'an introduced 100 mu of winter jujube and had to change to another variety five years later. Second, the solution 1. Study local industrial policies and relevant laws and regulations and follow the new variety promotion procedures. Before planting fruit trees, they should consult with the local fruit industry departments on national and local industrial support policies and related laws and regulations, and give priority to selecting leading industry varieties that meet local industrial policies. The varieties promoted must be those approved by the Crop Variety Approval Committee above the provincial level. Government departments regularly launch some of the leading varieties for fruit growers to choose. When purchasing seedlings, they should obtain "three certificates" (nursery permits, seedlings certifications, plant quarantine certificates) and signing contract for purchase and sale of nursery stocks. This is not only to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the purchasers and seeders, but also to administer seedling management. Claim. The introduction must be approved by the competent department of agriculture (fruit industry). Seedlings must not be accompanied by exotic pests, and must be isolated from the trial planting, and must not be fresh, which will bring endless trouble to the entire industry. To buy fruit seedlings use virus-free container seedlings. Virus-free container seedlings not only have high survival rate, rapid growth, low management cost, and increase production by more than 30%, they are the basis for realizing the sustainable development of the industry. Professional and technical personnel must abide by professional ethics. Administrative leaders must act according to objective laws and do not have administrative intervention. The county (city) functional departments have the responsibility and obligation to guide local fruit farmers to introduce new varieties in accordance with the new variety promotion procedures. Professional and technical personnel should carry out gradual screening. First, do a good variety test. Secondly, the functional departments of counties (cities) conduct trial cultivation, determine suitable areas, and finally promote them to suitable areas. 2. Objectively evaluate new varieties of fruit trees and be wary of commercial "species". Any variety has its advantages and disadvantages. For example, Red Fuji apples have the advantages of crisp flesh, rich juice, good taste, and strong resistance to storage, but are prone to ring virus disease, rot disease, anthrax, and poor cold resistance. The blind pursuit of new exotics often increases operating costs and causes unnecessary losses. The introduction of new varieties must be fully and objectively compared with the main cultivated varieties of the local area before deciding whether to introduce them. To consider the current market conditions, but also to predict market risk in the next few years. In the past few years, many of them were commercial "fried seeds", such as "Gazi hot", "Ginkgo hot", "Black hot", and "Nectarine hot". There is such a cycle of production: the current price of fruit is particularly high—the speculators quickly introduced a large number of seedlings that are expensive and inconsistent with breeding regulations—a large number of plantation management households follow up on purchases and development—fruits are abusive. The ultimate result of “species cultivation†was the frenzied harvesting of seedling farmers, and fruit tree growers suffered heavy losses. The easiest way to cope is to look at the quality and price of seedlings, and secondly to see the market capacity. 3. According to local conditions, it is necessary to develop the main tree species and introduce new varieties in appropriate amounts. It is necessary to understand the meteorological environment, soil properties, and water quality of the species to be selected, and to select the main tree species according to local meteorology, soil, and water quality conditions. Chestnut, apple and peach are the main planting species in the gneiss region in the north of Qian’an; walnuts are the main tree species in limestone areas in the west and southwest, and pear and peach are the main tree species in the sand region. We must also take the market as the direction and meet the market demand as the goal, and maximize the value of the varieties of commodities. 4. Consider a reasonable mix of varieties. It mainly starts with the early, middle and late maturing varieties of the entire local industry. Generally speaking, the ratio of early-maturing, medium-maturing and late-maturing varieties should reach 3:5:2. Early maturing varieties will be listed in advance and the selling price will be higher; mid-maturing varieties The dominant position of the entire industry; higher yield of late-maturing varieties can extend the supply period. In addition, processing and fresh food species should be a reasonable match. However, specific to an orchard, it should be planted and managed 1 to 2 varieties, do not mix more varieties, the purpose is to facilitate management and reduce production costs. 5. Reasonably configure the pollination tree. The pollination tree was selected to select pollination varieties with the same flowering period, strong affinity, large amount of pollen, high pollen development rate, and distant genetic relationship. For example, the “purple amber†in the Brown Lee series is self-infertile and can only be equipped with “Odeto Grand†when planting; “Early Beauty†can be selected with “Da Li 1†or “Black Gemâ€; “Mien Lee†Optional "Jiang Xin Li" as a pollination variety. Jujube, chestnuts and peaches that need to be cross-pollinated must be matched with other varieties that have the same flowering period as the main planting cultivar. Pollination trees need to be configured properly. The ratio of pollinated trees to the main cultivars was: Japanese sweet persimmon 1:7-8; Chestnut 1:5-8; Brownian 1:5-6. If the pollination varieties have high yield and good quality, they can also be mixed or planted in the same amount or half. For orchards that have planted fruit trees but have not planted pollination trees, they can be grafted and changed. Disclaimer: Some articles in this website have been transferred from the Internet. If you are involved in third party legal rights, please inform this website. phone Whether it's from sleeping weird, working out too hard, or sitting hunched over for hours staring at your computer, most of us have dealt with kinks in our necks from time to time. 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