Delivery is the most important link in the perinatal period of sows. It is a process of high energy consumption, high risk, high susceptibility to infection, and strong pain. It is the "life-and-death relationship" in the reproductive cycle of sows. A sow has not experienced childbirth, and her first delivery has been very uncomfortable. Severe pain has led to very high stress during delivery (much greater stress than other parity sows). And a sow is due to various reasons, such as: early mating lead to too small pelvic floor; excessive feeding leads to intestinal, birth canal stenosis; improper seizure leads to excessive piglets or poor fetal vitality, resulting in a mother The pigs have a particularly long production process, and the difficult-to-yield rate is very high, and the post-partum infection is very serious. How to reduce the sow's delivery stress, shorten the labor process, reduce dystocia, and fight infection through correct delivery care is a topic that the pig farms are eagerly concerned about. This article hopes to provide you with more systematic solutions. 1 Main factors affecting sows' delivery Master the principle can deal with properly! In order to carry out correct delivery care, it is necessary to clarify the main factors affecting sows' delivery. Mainly include: productivity, birth canal, fetus and spirit. Production force: There are two kinds of productivity, one is the rhythmic contraction of the uterus, called contraction, and the other is the reflexive contraction of the abdominal muscles and diaphragmatic muscles. The contraction is dominated by hormones mainly oxytocin, so we increased the contraction of the uterus when the exogenous hormone "oxytocin" was injected. Sometimes the piglets did come out faster. It is worth noting that the body's own contractions are contractions, not sustained contractions (or spastic contractions), because when the uterus shrinks, the supply of blood to the fetus is blocked and is deficient in oxygen. The benefit of contraction is contraction. Alternating diastoles allow the fetus to "slow down." If we improperly inject oxytocin, it may lead to uterine spasmodic contraction, which causes the fetus to die of hypoxia. Therefore, it is clinically found that the increase in stillbirth due to improper use of oxytocin-induced midwifery is the reason. Responsibility is the contraction of the body's abdominal muscles and other muscles associated with delivery. Today's sows suffer from poor health because of the lack of exercise for a long period of time, the addition of antibiotics to feed, and the accumulation of mycotoxins. With the breeding of breeds, the number of littering pigs is getting higher and higher, and current sows do not have enough energy to produce all the piglets. The birth canal: The sow's birth canal includes the hard birth canal (pelvic orifice) and the soft birth canal (cervix, vagina, vulva). Judging from the sow's anatomical characteristics, it is not easy to cause dystocia, because the pig's pelvic entrance is oval, with a large inclination, the bottom of the pelvis is wide and flat, the pelvis is tilted down axially, and almost straight, the fetus is easier to pass through . However, if the gilt is used too early, it may lead to poor pelvic ostia and stenosis; in addition, because the endocrine function of the primiparous sow is not yet perfect, prostaglandin secretion may be insufficient and the corpus luteum may not be completely dissolved. Cervical insufficiency. The fetus: Including the size of the fetus, the fetal vitality, and the positional relationship between the fetus and the mother's birth canal are mainly the fetal potential, fetal position, and fetal orientation. Some people worry that too large a fetus can cause sows to give up, and that choosing not to attack a fetus is not appropriate. For a sow, we can feed less of it than a sow, and sneak The time is later, and it is appropriate to control the piglet's birth weight to about 1.3kg. More important is the fetal vitality. Poor fetal vitality will directly affect the sow's birth process. Clinically, we often encounter sows producing one piglet after a long period of time and have not produced one. After one stillbirth or mummy has been produced, other piglets have produced one after another. In addition, poor fetal activity can lead to lack of amniotic fluid, which is also an important factor in causing dystocia. Spirit: mental stress can significantly interfere with the secretion of body hormones, thereby affecting productivity, affecting labor. A pregnant sow gave birth for the first time and she is very nervous. At this time, if the sow birth environment we create is uncomfortable for the sow, it will be more likely that the sow will have a long production process and have a difficult birth. For example: The light is too bright, the weather is hot, the voice is noisy, there are strangers present, etc. will affect the sow's delivery mood. 2 A sow giving birth care According to the sow's delivery process, we divide childbirth care into three phases: prenatal, mid-term, and postpartum. The goal of each phase is different, and the actions we take are different. 2.1 Prenatal Before the sows give birth, our goal is to create a comfortable environment for the sow to minimize the stress of the sows during delivery, soften the cervix, and prepare for the successful delivery of the sows. Do a good job of "shu", "encirclement", "note" and "washing." "Shu": From the 3rd day before childbirth, the delivery room is kept quiet, the temperature is cool, the light is soft, and no one enters, creating a comfortable environment for the sow. In the immediate vicinity of delivery, the first-time sows are often uneasy, frequent urination postures, rapid breathing, and frequent lifting and lying-out stress. Juvenile sows do not have uterine contraction and fatigue due to their structural function. However, they often experience long labor or even childbirth. Delivery stress is one of the most important causes, because stressful delivery produces a large amount of epinephrine. The release of the hormone is inhibited by epinephrine, so that the uterus does not contract normally and dystocia occurs. One of the means to reduce the stress of childbirth is to return to the sow's nest habit. It has been reported that sows with grazing habits are significantly shorter than sows without grazing. "Wai": One day before the expected date of birth, a bottle of traditional Chinese medicine "Wai Kang" is given. Perinatal Kang (Yimu Shenghua San) increased amniotic fluid by supplementing the perinatal period of the sow so that the sow was smooth during childbirth, and the formed water sac had the function of softening and dilating the mother's cervix and the birth canal to reduce the maternal's hurt. "Note": 1 to 2 mL/head of cloprostenol is injected 1 day before the expected date of delivery. The gilt first-trimester childbirth due to the body's endocrine function is not perfect, the self-secretion of prostaglandins may be insufficient, resulting in insufficient corpus luteum dissolution, incomplete opening of the cervix mouth, and the sows do not have this problem. "Washing": When sows break the amniotic fluid, wash and disinfect the sow's udder and hindquarters with 0.1% potassium permanganate, and unclog the milk duct. 2.2 In production In the sow delivery process, our work goal is to make the sows produce faster and more smoothly through reasonable and effective midwifery methods. The main methods of midwifery include "lose", "trace", "irrigation", "change", "step on", and "pull." "Loss": When a sow gives birth, she often experiences metabolic disorders, loss of energy, and respiratory alkalosis in the summer due to shortness of breath. Therefore, proper infusion in the litter process is particularly important. The principle of infusion is: supplement water, supplement energy, supplement electrolytes, relieve alkalosis, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory. The principle of infusion is: first sugar after salt, crystal after the first glue, fast after the first slow, do not acid alkali. Infusion method: the first bottle: physiological saline 500 mL + Zoute 30 mL + vitamin C 20 mL; the second bottle: 5% glucose 500 mL + 30 mL plus 30 mL of animal power source. "Mo": refers to the massage of sows' breasts during the delivery process to stimulate the secretion of endogenous oxytocin and shorten the birth process. The sow's breasts can be massaged by the concierge in person, or the sow's breasts can be massaged by the piglets' sucking milk. Some pig farms have to wait for all the piglets to have a baby after they are born. This method is not conducive to the smooth delivery. It should be the husband's first milk, through the stimulation of the breast to help the back of the piglets come out smoothly. "Irrigation": When the sow presents with restlessness (when standing and lying), it indicates that the sow is in pain and feels uncomfortable. At this time, artificial insemination can be used to irritate the uterus of the sow with 50 to 100 mL of uterine inflammation. Play a powerful analgesic effect, so that sows feel comfortable, painless delivery. “Variableâ€: It means that the sow can get up and stand when the interval of delivery is more than 30 minutes. It is better to walk a few steps. Because the sows are difficult to produce, it may be due to the abnormal relationship between the fetus and the mother's birth canal, including malposition of the fetus, and simultaneous output of the two fetuses. Changes in body position can correct the fetal position. “Step onâ€: The purpose of “stepping on†is to increase the force of culpability and save the consumption of sows’ physical strength. The method is: When you see the contraction of the fetus squeezed up, follow the trend in the bulging area, the greater the force of the sow stomach up drum, with greater strength down. By increasing the force of the blame, it is easier to get the baby out. "Pull": In case of the following circumstances, we must promptly help pull out the fetus: We must be responsible for the weak contraction, unable to expel the fetus; birth canal stenosis or the fetus is too large, the output is stagnant; the fetus is difficult to pass through the vulva, delayed no progress. When you see the front part of the fetus revealing the vulva, the fetus is pulled out in time to save the sow's energy. Pay attention to try to avoid reaching into the birth canal to pull, so as not to increase the chance of infection. Pigs' stillbirths often occur at the end of the delivery of a few fetuses. At the end of the output period, if there is still a fetus that has not produced and the stagnation is delayed, consider using drugs to induce labor. 2.3 Postpartum After the sow has picked out all the piglets, our goal is to speed up the development of lochia in the womb, discharge of the fetal clothing fragments, and promote uterine restoration and anti-infection. Focusing on these work goals, our work includes: cleaning, disinfection, postpartum care, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial. Hygiene is the foundation: After sows are born, sows are cleaned and disinfected with 0.1% potassium permanganate water to the sows' udders, buttocks, vulva and tail. After the sow has produced the piglets, the mouth of the cervix is ​​not closed. If the sanitary conditions are too poor, bacteria can invade the uterus and cause endometritis. The protection of the palace is the key: the uterus is the most damaging organ of sows during childbirth. Restoration of the uterus is an important guarantee for successful estrus. After the sows have produced the piglets, we only see that the genitals of the sows are very edematous. Vulvovaginal edema is only an external manifestation of uterine edema and birth canal edema. Therefore, it is recommended that after sow production in pigs, discharge of the placenta, artificial insemination by manual infusion of pure Chinese medicine preparation Gongyan net 100 mL. Can promote the uterine fetal clothing debris, stillbirth and lochia exhausted completely, phlegm swelling, and promote the uterus of old. Anti-inflammatory is a guarantee: after delivery, the cervix is ​​not closed, the sow's constitution is weak, and the infection risk is very high. To prevent endometritis and lactation disorder syndrome, it is still very difficult to use large doses of sensitive antibiotics for anaerobic bacteria. Necessary. However, many people use so-called “anti-inflammatory†antibiotics for only a few days after giving birth to sows, and they do not discriminate according to the different conditions that occur during the delivery of sows. This effect is not ideal. The authors suggest that for well-produced sows that have a good postpartum, intramuscular injection of Zoutzine + animal power. However, for difficult-to-produce sows, sows do not eat after the birth, sows whose body temperature exceeds 40 °C should be transfused and anti-inflammatory. 3 Summary Whether it is a sow or a sow, the work goals and contents of childbirth care are similar. By mastering the above methods, sows can be delivered more smoothly and postpartum recovery is faster. However, if the sow in the delivery room has widespread problems with long production and difficult labor, the manager must analyze the reason, because “the success of childbirth is the result of back-up period and pregnancy managementâ€. Pig raising is a systematic project. We need to focus on every aspect of sow production. 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