The efficiency of pig production and the economic efficiency depend largely on the reproductive efficiency of the sow, and the reproductive efficiency of the sow is affected by factors such as heredity, environment, herd health, nutrition and feeding management, due to the genetic breeding work. Modern sows have undergone major changes, such as changes in adult weight, changes in body composition, increased lactation capacity, etc., and have higher requirements for nutrition, environment, etc., while sows have different reproductive cycles (parities). Between the different stages in the same reproductive cycle and between each other are interrelated and affect each other, so a fine-phase breeding program should be adopted to improve the reproductive efficiency of sows. 1 Feeding of gilts (3 months old - first breeding) For the sow group to have a good and stable breeding performance, the gilt rearing is extremely critical, and the scientific and reasonable feeding program should make the gilts reach 130-140 kg in weight from 220 to 240 days. From 18 to 20 mm, there were 2 normal estruss, and breeding was done during the 3rd estrus. To achieve this goal, the following feeding strategies are recommended: 45 to 75 kg weight stage feeding growth bred diet, free intake. Feeding of gilts during the gilt-feeding period was carried out at a weight of 75 to 100 kg, and feeding was appropriately limited. The nutritional level of the special diet for the gilt rearing period is different from that of the pregnant and lactating sows. It contains the appropriate levels of calcium, phosphorus, amino acids, biotin, folic acid, etc., for the gilt skeleton and the reproductive system. Development plays an extremely important role in helping to increase the reproductive performance of the first child and at the same time extend the reproductive life of the sow. 100 kg—Continued feeding of gilt-specific diets for 2 weeks prior to mating, limiting feeding, controlling daily feeds of 2.5 to 3.0 kg, preventing overweight gilts, imbalance of hormone secretion in overweight obese sows, and ovaries More fat accumulation affects the estrus and ovulation of the gilts. Breeding preparation period (2 weeks before mating) Aphrodisiac supplementation can increase the ovulation number of gilts. That is, increasing the energy concentration of the diet or increasing the daily feeding amount 10 to 14 days before the breeding will help the secretion of estrogen and follicle stimulating hormone and increase the number of ovulation. It is recommended that the daily feeding amount at this stage be 3.0 to 3.5 kg or free intake. The goal of gestation sow rearing is to produce a large number of litters that have a large number of births and are evenly and vigorously vitalized. At the same time, the sows are healthy and have fully developed mammary glands and good body nutrient reserves. From the combination of sperm and egg, embryo implantation, and fetal development until delivery, the sow is referred to as the gestation period at this stage and the newly formed life entity as the embryonic stage. In order to achieve the gestation sow's feeding target, reasonable restriction feeding should be carried out according to the embryonic growth and development rules, sow mammary gland development and nutrient reserve requirements. It is recommended that the gestation period be divided into early pregnancy, mid-pregnancy and late pregnancy, accurate Control the sow's body weight gain and ensure the fetus's growth and development, which can not only save the production cost, but also does not affect the realization of the highest reproductive efficiency of sows. 2 Early pregnancy (28 days after breeding - 28 days after mating) The goal of sow feeding in early pregnancy is to reduce embryonic death. It takes about 11 to 12 days for the fertilized egg to move to the uterine horn, and then the embryo begins to implant. It will end about the 24th day. If the embryo can't be implanted, the embryo will die and the embryo survival rate will be too low, eventually leading to litter size. cut back. The early pregnancy is the first peak of embryonic death. The main reason is that the concentration of nutrients intake by sows is too high, which will reduce the secretion of progesterone. Therefore, the intake of sows should be controlled in the early stages of pregnancy to make them ingested. Nutrition can meet its own needs (including the needs of the young sow's own growth and development). Therefore, the sows should be switched to pregnant sows immediately after mating, and the control daily feed amount is 1.6-2.0 kg. 3 Feeding of sows in the second trimester (28-84 d of pregnancy) The aim of midwife sow feeding is to ensure the need for fetal development and the need for sow's own metabolism (including the need for growth and development of the sow's own sows). Under normal circumstances, the amount fed at this stage should be controlled at 2.3 to 2.8 kg. For lean sows, the amount of feeding should be appropriately increased to ensure that the sows' body condition returns to its ideal state during this period. However, sows with extremely poor body conditions should not be fed excessively, as overfeeding at this stage will result in reduced free feed intake during lactation. For sows with poor body condition after weaning, it is recommended to increase the amount of feed after weaning, or even to eat freely, and postpone the mating of a love period. The increase in body weight during the first trimester of young sows is about 10% higher than that of the sows. Therefore, the sow's sows should be fed about 10% more than the sows at the same body condition. After 75 days of pregnancy, it is a critical period for breast development. Excessive energy intake will increase the deposition of fat in the mammary gland and reduce the number of cells secreted by the mammary gland. As a result, the amount of lactation during lactation may decrease. 4 Late pregnancy (84-112 d of pregnancy) sow rearing The rearing of the sow during the second trimester is critical to the growth and development of the fetus. During this period, the growth and development of the fetus is extremely rapid. The first 60% to 70% of the piglet's initial weight is from the rapid growth of the first month before birth. This phase is also fully developed in the mammary gland. In order to ensure the rapid growth of the fetus and the development of the sow's mammary gland, it is recommended that the daily feeding amount be 2.8-3.5kg. 5 Perinatal period (3 days before delivery - 7 days after delivery) The aim of keeping the perinatal sows is to allow the sows to give birth smoothly, reduce the occurrence of constipation, and ensure the recovery of appetite of the sows after giving birth. Prenatal 3 days began to gradually reduce the daily reduction of 0.5 to 1.0 kg. Under normal circumstances, sows do not eat on the day of delivery, such as sows feeding should be fed 1.5 to 2.0 kg of feed. The sows began to feed lactating sows postpartum and increased their daily feeding amount by 0.5 to 1.0 kg, and they were allowed to feed freely 7 days after childbirth. In the early postpartum period, due to restricted feeding, sows are prone to constipation. To prevent constipation, dietary fiber may be properly added to the diet, such as wheat bran and beet residue, and chemical laxatives such as magnesium sulfate and potassium sulfate are also added. A better approach is to ensure that the sow has sufficient water. To ensure that the sow's drinking water in addition to ensuring that there is a drinking fountain for sow drinking water and to ensure the flow rate of water, the physical consumption during the delivery and post-natal sleepiness so that the sow is lying and lying, the breeding staff should regularly sow the sow to promote its Drinking water. 6 Rearing of the sow (7 d postpartum - weaning) sows The goal of raising sows in the period of high lactation is to maximize the amount of milk produced by the sow and control the weight loss of the sow so that the condition of the sow after weaning is appropriate and smoothly enters the next breeding cycle. Modern sows need large feed intake due to large body size, large number of litters, and high milk yield. Therefore, sows need to have high feed intake during probiotics. However, modern sows tend to have poor appetite, so they need to feed high energy and high protein feeds. Grain and energy and protein must be balanced, and the intake of sows should be increased through the use of wet mixes, increasing the number of feedings (4 feeds per day). Nursing sows’ nutritional intake is related to sow’s body weight, milk production, number of litters, growth rate of piglets, and temperature of nursing houses. If the sows’ intake of nutrients is insufficient (negative nutrient balance), the sows will The use of amino acids and fats in body tissues is used to synthesize milk. This is especially true for high-yielding lactating sows, which on the one hand results in a greater loss of sow body tissue, hormone imbalances in the body, resulting in prolonged intervals between weaning and re-estrus. The number of litters born is reduced, and the long-term negative nutritional balance can also cause problems such as a decrease in the average number of litters and a shortened reproductive age. On the other hand, the use of fat in the body tissue to synthesize milk increases the long-chain fatty acids in the milk, which in turn causes diarrhea in piglets due to indigestion. Negative nutrient balance can be improved by increasing feed intake or increasing dietary nutrient levels. In the period of high lactation sows, the daily drinking volume reaches 20-30 L due to the need of metabolism and synthesis of milk, and the sows must be provided with sufficient drinking water, otherwise the feed intake and milk yield will be affected. 7 Breeding for sow breeding (weaning and re-breeding) The breeding goal for the sow to be bred is that the sow is estrus 5 to 7 days after weaning. After the sow is weaned and continues to feed nutrient-rich lactating sows, the sow may not eat as a result of the effects of weaning stress on the day of weaning. However, if the sow eats material, it is not necessary to specifically reduce the sow’s feed intake. Increase the sow's feed intake as soon as possible. The daily feeding amount during the empty space for breeding is 3.0-4.0 kg or free-feeding, which is conducive to the recovery of the sow's body condition, is conducive to the development of follicles, and contributes to the secretion of estrogen and follicle-stimulating hormone. It is good for the estrus of the sow, ovulation and pregnancy. The above-mentioned sow seven-stage feeding program should also be adjusted according to changes in the environment and feeding methods. If the house temperature is relatively low in the winter, the amount of feeding should be increased. The average feeding amount of pigs should be increased by 10% to 15% compared with individual limit feeding. It is important that the sow-feeding must be “feeding for pigs†and individualized feeding based on individual differences in sows. 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