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First, light management Lighting is one of the main limiting factors of winter vegetables, production measures must be taken to ensure more light in the shed.
One is the use of excellent film properties. The use of a multi-functional composite film with high light transmittance, good dripability, and high weatherability is critical, and attention should be paid to the purchase of products from regular manufacturers. The second is to keep the film clean. The method of manual cleaning may be adopted, and the static-free cloth strip may also be hung on the surface of the tent. The strips may evenly distribute on the shed film and wipe dust and grass clippings on the shed film with the wind, which saves time and labor and is worthy of promotion. The third is to take artificial light. General use of iodine tungsten lamp, incandescent lamp, sodium lamp, etc., each lamp power is 200 ~ 400W, in the indoor horizontal every 3 ~ 4m security a lamp, in the cloudy daylight lighting effect is better.
Second, the temperature management to prevent the winter cold wind from the greenhouse entrance into the room, it is best to build a greenhouse buffer room. If you do not build a small house, you should use a film or straw to build a closed entrance at the leeward sunny place. Films should be hung at the entrance of the greenhouse or at the entrance of the buffer room to prevent people from directly entering the greenhouse. A small plastic film is slung under the vents at the top of the northern part of the greenhouse. When the air is ventilated in the winter, the outdoor cold air will not be directly blown onto the crops, which is conducive to the normal growth of the crops.
In the winter season, grasshoppers (or insulation) are to be “covered early and covered early†to enhance insulation. The specific method is: After pulling open the haystack in the morning, take the temperature in the solar greenhouse not fall for the appropriate time, it is not appropriate to expose the temperature in the greenhouse in advance. In the afternoon, when the temperature in the greenhouse drops to 20°C, cover grasshoppers in time to save as much heat as possible to cope with heat loss at night. At the same time, artificial heating can be performed using electric heating lines, hot blast stoves, etc.
Third, fertilizer and water management should strictly manage the water well. In late December to late January, deep winter season, generally do not try to water, that is, in the middle of December should be selected sunny watering, in the case of covering the film Loss of soil water is slower. If the weather is good in winter (ie, there is sufficient sunlight), when the crops show lack of water, the cold current may be selected. If the weather is fine, use drip irrigation (or micro-irrigation) under the membrane or pouring water under the membrane to avoid lowering the ground temperature.
In winter, vegetable crops grow slowly and require less fat. If topdressing, it should be based on organic fertilizer and biological bacteria fertilizer, as little as possible chemical fertilizer. When topdressing is required, it is best to apply drip irrigation (micro-sprinkler irrigation) to implement integrated management of water and fertilizer. In winter, fine weather can also be used to spray fertilizers for crop protection. After the spring air warms up in the late winter, increase the number of watering and fertilization.
IV. Prevention and Control of Diseases and Insect Pests In order to reduce the occurrence and spread of vegetable diseases in solar greenhouses, it is crucial to minimize the air humidity in greenhouses. When using drugs to prevent vegetable diseases, dust or aerosols can be used as much as possible. Yellow traps and hanging insecticidal lamps are used to prevent and control harmless insects.
The greenhouse vegetable-based vegetables are the main components of winter vegetables in our province. The following aspects of management measures should be strengthened to increase the vegetable production capacity of the facility: