Compared with traditional flat crops, wheat ridge cultivation technology saves time and time, facilitates management, reduces agricultural chemical pollution, and reduces production costs. It is characterized by water conservation, disease resistance, increased production, low consumption, and high efficiency. At present, this technology has been radiated to more than 40 cities and counties in Shandong. At the same time, it has also been promoted in certain areas in Henan, Gansu, Ningxia, and Shanxi. Practice has proved that this technology can be promoted in all irrigated areas in China. Whether it is a dry area with water shortages or an area prone to rain damage, this technique can be used. 1 Innovations in cultivation of wheat ridge cultivation The ridge cultivation of wheat is the use of mechanical ridging and ditching of the original leveling of the soil. The surface of the soil is changed from flat to wavy, and 2 to 3 rows of wheat are planted on ridges like cash crops such as peanuts and soybeans. It is a new wheat production technology that saves water, saves fertilizer, and increases production. Compared with traditional flat work, it can reduce the production cost by about 30%. In terms of cultivation and management, there are several differences between high-efficiency cultivation techniques of wheat ridge cultivation and traditional flat cropping. The innovations of this technology include: 1.1 New Planting Modes Wheat in China and the world is mainly dominated by traditional flats, that is, wheat is planted on flat surfaces. The cultivation of ridge cultivation is changing the surface of the soil from flat to wavy, expanding the surface area of ​​the soil by about 40%, thereby increasing the interception of light energy, facilitating the ventilation and light transmission in the field, reducing the humidity in the field, and greatly improving the wheat crown. The microclimate conditions in the layer significantly inhibited the occurrence of wheat sheath blight, powdery mildew, and other common diseases, significantly reduced the wheat plant height, and significantly enhanced the lodging resistance of wheat. 1.2 New irrigation methods In the irrigation method, the technology is different from traditional flat production. Traditional flats mainly use flood irrigation, which not only has low water use efficiency, but also has serious soil compaction. The irrigating method for ridge irrigation is infiltrating irrigation in small gutters, which overcomes the phenomenon of soil erosion and fertilizer waste caused by flooding of large floods due to uneven land, and improves soil water retention and fertility, with a water consumption of only 450 t/hm2. Compared with the traditional level, the water use efficiency is increased by 30% to 40%, eliminating the phenomenon of soil compaction, creating good conditions for the healthy growth of crop roots, and conducive to the activities of soil microorganisms. 1.3 New modes of fertilization Scientific research suggests that the difference in fertilization location is directly related to the exertion of fertilizer efficiency and the level of crop yield. Traditionally flat and multiple zero-depth fertilization is to spread the fertilizer as a base fertilizer to the surface at one time before watering. This not only increases the amount of fertilizer, but also causes the waste of fertilizer and chemical pollution. The cultivation of ridge cultivation differs from traditional flat cropping. Fertilizer cannot be used as a base fertilizer for one-time application to the soil. This technique requires base fertilizer to account for 1/3 of the total fertilizer application, and the rest should be applied once during the jointing stage, or two times during jointing and booting stages. Supplementary facilities. Basal fertilizer can be buried at the bottom of the ridge or planting soil in the form of seed fertilizer with the seeding. In the later period when composting fertilizer should be based on the principle of deep ridge and furrow, the concentration of the application of the groove, the depth of fertilization relative increase of 15 ~ 17 cm, fertilizer The increase of the utilization rate by 10% to 15% is conducive to the increase of crop yields and the protection of the environment. 1.4 New group relations Traditionally, high-yield cropping depends on creating large groups, and large groups are prone to cause problems with air and light, causing problems such as disease and lodging. Compared with traditional flat crops, ridge cultivation is conducive to better optimizing the relationship between wheat populations and individuals, giving full play to the advantage of wheat side-rows, reaching the appropriateness of the group, the individual being robust, the purpose of spikelets, spikes, and grain weights. The number is increased by 2-3 capsules and the increase of 2.5-grain weight by about 2.5 g can not only increase production by 10% to 15%, but also significantly improve the quality of wheat. 2 Technical points 2.1 Selection of plots The practice of cultivating wheat ridges requires first selecting suitable plots. This technology is mainly suitable for lands with better water-disposal conditions and better ground conditions. The land with deep plough layers, high fertility, water retention and fertilizer retention, and well-drained water should be selected. For dryland areas, it must be combined with no-tillage, cover and other water-saving techniques. Light sticky soils and loam soils are more suitable for ridge cultivation and have the highest benefits, while sandy soils or sandy soils with poor fertility and water retention are unfavorable. 2.2 Soil preparation for ridge cultivation requires appropriate soil moisture conditions before sowing. If sensation is insufficient, ridges should be established and ridges must be established. If agriculture is tight, it can also be planted and then watered along furrows. Before ridging, loosen the soil by 20-30 cm, remove the soil and remove the soil ridges and weeds before ridging, so as not to sow the seedling pods during sowing, which will affect the sowing quality. Fine soil preparation before sowing, adequate base fertilizer, mainly organic fertilizer, with some compound fertilizer. During soil preparation, the application of basal fertilizer is the same as general high-yielding cultivation of fine seeding. Currently, fertilizer fertilization is used to promote fertility. That is, basal fertilization accounts for 1/3 of total fertility, and top dressing occupies 2/3. 2.3 The determination of the size of the ridge width and the number of rows planted on the ridge should be taken into account in consideration of soil conditions, crop layout and rotation system. In terms of soil conditions only, moderately fertile plots with a ridge width of 70-80 cm are appropriate, ridge height is 17-18 cm, and 3 lines of wheat are planted on the ridge, which facilitates direct interplanting of maize within the furrow; Fertility plots, ridge width can be reduced to 60 ~ 70 cm, 2 rows of ridge on the ridge of wheat, corn intercropping on the ridge at the top of the rows of wheat can also be interplanted in the ditch. In order to increase the yield efficiency per unit area, ridge wheat can be used as spinach and other overwinter vegetables in the ditch. 2.4 Ridge Supporting Machine The wheat cultivating sowing machine is a supporting machine that is specially produced for crop ridge cultivation. With the special ridge and sowing integration machine for wheat, the ridging and sowing and fertilizing were completed once, which reduced the field operation procedures and improved the operating efficiency. When used, the ridge distance can be adjusted, and 2 to 3 rows of wheat can be planted on the ridge. In a specific operation process, 1 ridge or multiple ridges can be used according to the traction power 1 time. Supporting wheat special ridge planter can improve ridge quality and sowing quality, especially to fully use the good soil moisture when ridging, is conducive to the emergence of wheat, for the seedlings, Qi, uniform and strong lay a good foundation. 2.5 Improved varieties The ridge cultivation species are planted on ridge roofs, and the distance between adjacent ridges is much larger than the traditional row spacing and sown with precision seeders. It should be noted that the selection of cultivars should be based on multi-spike varieties with strong tillering power. This will be conducive to the full use of space resources, expand the area of ​​photosynthesis, and maximize the advantages of wheat's sidewalks, so as to fully realize the potential of ridge cultivation. For cultivating large- and medium-panicle varieties with poor tillering ability, cultivating ridge cultivation should be conducted on the premise of improving soil fertility. The management of spring fertilizer and water should be enhanced in a timely manner to increase the percentage of tillers and spikes and increase the number of panicles per unit area, thereby increasing the effective photosynthetic rate. area. In addition, late-maturing varieties can be properly selected to give high potential for ridge cultivation. 2.6 Fertilizer and Water Management Inundation and ridge cultivation is a common problem in ridge cultivation. This irrigation method loses the positive effect of ridging on the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and it fails to exert a good yield-increasing effect of ridge cultivation. Therefore, when watering, small irrigation should be used. After the water is stopped, the residual water in the furrow can soak the ridge roof. Strictly grasp the watering period, timely pouring good winter water, drought year should pay attention to ridge wheat seedlings, especially in early spring watering in time to prevent drought and frost damage. How much late irrigation should be flexible according to weather conditions. During the wheat growing season, the urea is generally topdressed with urea 150-225 kg/hm2. The manure is directly sprinkled in the ditch, which can serve the purpose of deep fertilization, and then infiltrating along the small furrows of the furrows, avoid flooding. After the water is slowly infiltrated into the roof of the ridge, watering is stopped. This prevents the soil from building up in the wheat rhizosphere. In the booting stage of wheat, soil moisture should be used to enhance fertilizer and water management. According to the seedling conditions and fertility conditions, the defertilized land can be topdressed with urea at the same time of 75-150 kg/hm2, which is favorable for delaying plant senescence and prolonging grain filling time. , increase the yield, while providing good soil moisture and fertility foundation for corn interplanting. 2.7 Combining ridge cultivation with no-tillage mulching Combined ridge cultivation with no-tillage coverage is a good set of practical farming techniques, which has a good reference for the growth of dryland wheat. The technology is easy to operate: at the time of harvesting, leaving about 10 cm of wheat root sorghum, the high sorghum is like playing numerous piles on the ground, which can guarantee that the smashed straw is not blown by the wind and the moisture is not easy to lose; the crop stalks are crushed Can be directly covered, and as full as possible, practical, uniform; sowing, the use of specialized sowing machinery, do not move or move the floor cover as little as possible, no cultivation, no rotation under conditions of a complete sowing fertilization. Combined with ridge cultivation and no-tillage coverage, the ability to resist drought, water, and fertilizer can be maximized, and soil erosion and soil fertility can be effectively prevented. The technology can greatly reduce surface runoff in the rainy season, give full play to the role of soil water storage, inhibit the growth of weeds, reduce the evaporation of soil moisture, and greatly increase the utilization rate of soil water and the productivity of dryland soil. X-Ray Protection,Medical X-Ray Films Powder,Developer And Fixer Powder,X-Ray Films Powder Ningbo Cland Medical Instruments Co., Ltd. , https://www.ruipumedical.com