Grazing and rearing is the original feeding mode of the sheep industry. The advantage is to adapt to the living habits of cotton and goats and enhance physical fitness. It can make full use of various natural resources, save feed, lower production costs and higher labor productivity. However, there are seasonal differences. During the flourishing period of forage in summer and autumn, sheep grow fast and have high production performance. During the winter and spring withered grasses, the growth and development are slow, the body weight growth is less, and even gradually, the sheep's production performance declines. Therefore, in addition to grazing in the winter and spring seasons, additional feeding should be given. 1. Preparation before Grazing Grazing Flock organization Due to differences in the grouping of sheep and goats, feeding ability and walking speed, and the ability to select forages, sheep and goats should be separated before grazing. For reasonable groups such as sex, age, and health, the size of the herd should be determined according to the local grazing pasture conditions. The pasture area has large grasslands, abundant forage resources, and the group size can be larger, usually about 200, and the sparse terrain in the mountainous areas. Complex, generally about a group of 100, farming areas, less livestock, sheep generally do not exceed 80. Sheep of different sexes and different ages require different feeding and management conditions. The ram group size should be smaller and the ewes larger. The age of the sheep in each group should be as close as possible for easy management. According to the sheep's habits, we should choose lands that are dry, grasses are soft, hillsides, hills and both sides of the channel, and fields and other places. Prior to grazing, we should understand the distribution of pastureland, the status of vegetation growth, and the water resources facilities. Where toxic weeds should also understand the distribution of poisonous weeds. Grazing in agricultural areas should avoid crops that have been hit with pesticides to prevent sheep poisoning. Do not grazing in low-lying, moist, swampy areas where grasses and weeds grow, and lambs in low-lying wetlands can easily infect sheep with parasites or foot rot. With thatch and cocklebur grass needles, it is easy to get into the quilt, stabbing the sheep's skin and muscles, causing skin infections and causing diseases. 2. Grazing Technology (1) The grazing grazing formation is mainly based on the topography and topography of the grazing land, grass conditions, grazing season, and the hunger and flock status of the sheep. The purpose is to make the sheep eat evenly and eat well. Can make full use of pasture resources. The use of proper grazing forms is beneficial to the sheep's grasp. One-stop: When grazing, let the sheep line up in a column. The grazing staff is at the front, and if there is an assistant, it is behind the sheep. This type of formation is suitable for grazing in the narrow grazing lands on both sides of the roads, valleys and roads. The grazing staff should walk on the uphill slope to observe the feeding conditions of the sheep and control the sheep so that the sheep will not eat crops. A whip: The flock was lined up and the grazing clerk led the flock in front to block the strong sheep. The assistant chased the weak sheep in the back and ate while they were eating, stably flocking away. This type of formation is suitable for grazing on pastures with moderate and uniform growth, eating and eating sheep, and dispelling mosquitoes and flies. The formation of winter and spring teams is slightly tight to keep warm and slightly loose in summer, which is beneficial to cool weather. The morning is tight, the afternoon is loose; the grass is thick and the grass is thin. Gypsophila: The sheep are evenly spread over a certain area of ​​pasture land, and they eat freely. The grazing staff stands high or in the middle of the flock to control the whole group. This formation is suitable for high mountains, hilly terrain, and scorpion fields, and is commonly used in summer when it is hot. (2) Grazing technique points 1. Eat more, consume less, grazing sheep on the pasture, and eat more time than walking time. The greater the extent of the excess, the more grass they eat and the less consumption of walking. The content of eating more and less, including the words “go slow, take less, eat, eat well”, is a measure, eating is the goal, slow down is the key. 2. The four diligent “four diligence” means that the grazing staff have leg work, hand work, mouth diligence, and diligence. Legwork refers to when the grazing is done every day, the grazing staff is looking for good grass while letting the sheep go, so that the sheep can't run around and prevent the sheep from damaging the crop. Therefore, the grazing staff should walk more and control the sheep at any time to make it eat well. Handwork refers to the grazing staff not deviating from the whip in order to control the flock at any time. Rotten paper, plastic sheeting, etc. in the grazing area should be readily picked up to prevent disease after eating. In the case of poisonous grasses, prickly plants, etc., they should be removed easily. When the sheep's hooves were found to be too long and the wool was covering their eyes, they should be dealt with promptly when they were hooked with their hooks; mouth grazing means that the grazing staff should sip the sheep at any time so that the whole group of sheep can hear and call, and the grazing animals may have an outlier. Sheep who sneak into crops should first drink and then whip or throw clods so as not to injure the sheep. Eye-threat means that the grazing staff must constantly observe the behavior of the sheep and observe whether there is any abnormal change in the excrement of the sheep. Observe the sheep's Graze and ruminants, found that the condition should be treated promptly. During the mating season, whether or not the ewes should be observed should be observed in order to achieve timely mating. During the lambing season, it is necessary to observe whether the ewes have any symptoms of childbirth, so that they can be treated in time. "Three stable" refers to stable grazing, stable access and stable drinking water. Only by stabilizing the flock during grazing can the sheep be allowed to eat less and eat less, eat well and eat well in order to catch crickets. The stability of the goats' stables is to prevent the sheep from being crowded. Otherwise, it will cause miscarriage or dystocia. Drinking water is stable to prevent the sheep from rushing to drink, catching water, suffocating the lungs or being thrown into the water. Sansue must rely on the four diligence to control, in turn, only to Sanshim's flock in order to better implement the fourth Qin. 3. The combination of sheep and flock sheep should have a certain formation. The grazing staff will lead the sheep to advance and grasp the speed and direction of walking. At the same time, they will block the sheep that go out of the flock and control the flock to go slowly and eat more. The formation is not chaotic. In order to control the sheep, the head sheep are usually trained. As the saying goes, “put sheep to hold your head (that is, the head sheep), put all the belly oil on it, and put the sheep in the head and put them into thin monkeys”. The best choice for the head sheep is to build a large and sturdy goat. The goat takes the lead and walks swiftly. It is easy for the eyes to see the four parties. The sheep walk often looks low, and they are blind, they are generally not suitable for the first sheep. When training, use sheep's favorite feed to do induction. First train, go, stop, and other simple password and its code, and then gradually train other passwords such as left and right to stop running, so that the sheep can get a good idea. Listen to people's call. 4. Drinking water is an indispensable substance for metabolism, which can supplement the body fluids, regulate body temperature and physiological function, facilitate digestion and absorption of the gastrointestinal tract and increase appetite. The amount of water consumed by sheep differs depending on the season, the cool weather, and the growth of pasture. Generally, when drinking water 2 or 3 times during cool days, drinking 3-5 times during hot days, it is advisable to use spring water, well water and flowing river water. Avoid drinking water, sewage and stagnant water. When the sheep is close to the water source, they should stay for a while, then drink water after gasping. If too much water is found, they can throw stones at the water, and the sheep can look up and wait, and the drinking speed can be put on hold. When drinking well water, it should be followed by drinking. When drinking water, you should walk from the upstream to the downstream. First drink the sheep in the downstream, and then drink the water in the upstream. You can avoid drinking drowning and avoid the blisters. There should be a sink in the sheep pen and the sports ground. The sink should be 20-30 cm higher than the ground to prevent dirt contamination. The sink should be filled with fresh water at any time to ensure that the water can be drunk immediately before and after herding. Phosphate salt is an indispensable substance for the growth and development of sheep. It helps maintain the somatic cell's penetration and helps transport nutrients and excrete waste. Sodium and chlorine are not only indispensable components in the blood, but also part of the stomach acid in stomach juice, which helps to digest feed. Give salt to the sheep to increase appetite and promote health. The method of giving salt to sheep is as follows: First, the salt is directly mixed into the concentrate and fed daily. The breeding ram feeds 8-10 grams per day and the adult ewes 5-8 grams. Generally, 1% of the dietary dry matter is free forage. Place salt or salt in the trough and let the sheep feed. The third is to use salt, trace elements and other accessories made of solid salt bricks, so that the sheep free to feed, that is, to add salt, but also added trace elements, the effect is better. Insufficient supply of salt to the sheep can lead to loss of appetite, weight loss, decreased milk production, rough coats, etc. The proper intake of sodium chloride can increase feed intake and increase weight. As Towers et al. (1985) reported, adult sheep were grazing on pastures containing 0.7 grams of dry matter containing 0.7 grams of forage grass. The average daily gain was 72 grams. After feeding sodium chloride, the daily gain could be significantly increased. It reached 94 grams. (3) Four seasons grazing methods 1 Spring grazing methods The spring climate is characterized by "a lot of cold and wet rain and snow, cold and heat changes difficult to grasp," the characteristics of spring forage is "Baicao returned green season, grass tenderness is not easy to eat." The spring sheep, after a few months of winter, is generally poorly nutritious and has weak physiques. Some ewes are in late pregnancy, and some ewes are breastfeeding and are in urgent need of better nutrition. At this time, the winter grass has been fed and the grass has not grown. If the cold weather in the early spring and even the rainy weather, the threat to the sheep is even greater. Therefore, a certain amount of wintering forage must be stockpiled before winter. Sheep grazing in spring should be selected for leeward sunny days and warmer places, and sunny days for sunny slopes to reduce thermal energy consumption caused by cold. In addition, the pastures on sunny slopes return to the early morning and the terrain is relatively dry. It will neither damage the pasture land nor cause the lambs to get sick due to the dampness of the lying ground. Spring is the time for the alternation of pastures. Although some grasses have grown up, they are thin and thin. If the grass is not full, put the old grass slope first, let the sheep eat some dried grass, and then go and put the grass. The spring grass is tender and the water content is high. In the morning, it can be cold, and it cannot expose water plants. Otherwise it can easily cause diarrhea. At the same time, the spring is wet and the sheep is thin and weak. It is a suitable period for parasite breeding and breeding. Attention should be paid to insect repellency, sheep bedding, and sheep pen keeping hygiene.