Abstract: Zaofengchuang was a good early maturing variety of jujube that we selected in 1999 in Luan Village, Luan Town, Tai’an City, Shandong Province. The fruit is nearly round, with an average fruit weight of 12.0 g, a maximum fruit weight of 16.3 g, a red fruit peel, and a smooth fruit shoulder. The fruit is spindle-shaped with an average single-nuclear weight of 0.33 g; the peel is thin and brittle, and the flesh is white. Green, dense meat, crisp, juicy, sweet, fresh food quality. The soluble solids content of the white mature stage was 19.78%, the crisp ripening period was 31.15%, and the edible rate was 97.0%. In Shandong Tai'an, it matured in late August. In December 2006, it was approved by the Shandong Provincial Forest Variety Approval Committee and has now been promoted throughout Shandong Province. Key words jujube new variety Zaofeng crisp early quality high quality fresh food With the development of our country's economy, consumers generally hope to prolong the market period of fresh dates. The varieties of jujube cultivated in China and the new varieties of jujube that have been bred in recent years are almost all medium-maturing varieties. There are too few high-quality varieties to produce early-maturing varieties. It is difficult to meet consumer demand for fresh dates. Breeding new varieties of early maturing dates is of practical significance to solve the above problems. 1. After the breeding In 1999, we found that the jujube fruit grown on a slope with poor site conditions in Luan Village, Luan Town, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, had a good quality of jujube fruit, an early ripeness, and extremely low tolerance. The jujube tree is of unknown origin. We selected it as an excellent single plant. In 2000, we collected the scions, and then connected it to a five-point field at the Experimental Research Institute of the Shandong Orchard Research Institute for identification. Subsequent grafting took place in 2003 at Huangjiazhuang Jujube Test Garden, Shanggao Subdistrict Office, Tai’an City, Shandong Province. In 2002, they conducted varieties comparison and regional tests in Tai'an, Liaocheng, Dezhou, Dongying, and Jining cities in Shandong Province. Their excellent traits were stable. In 2005, they were named as early-fractured and brittle, and in December 2006, they were approved by Shandong Provincial Forest Variety Approval Committee. . 2 main characters 2.1 Botanical characteristics Half-open tree pose, crown conical, open branches angle 40-50. Main branches and perennial branches gray-brown, cork wide strips, rough appearance, there are longitudinal mesh cracks, not easy to peel off. One-year-old branches are red and brown, and most of the branches are covered with white pelts. Acupuncture is short and underdeveloped. The length of the stab is 0.35-0.44 cm, and it is easy to fall off. The result was a mother-branch triangle with large skin, gray-brown, round or rhombus, and a few skins were elliptic, convex, and cracked. The permanent secondary branch is slightly curved. The branches are brown on the sun's surface. The gray surface is covered with white-gray wax skin. There are 5 to 12 knots of natural growth, and the effective number of knots is 2-8 knots. The result is 2 to 5 strands. As a result, 13 to 14 leaves were planted and 12 to 13 inflorescences were planted. Leaf blade lanceolate, smaller, 5.06 cm long, 2.26 cm wide, green, medium thick, less glossy, leaf surface smooth, tip blunt, apex rounded, leaf base cuneate, leaf margin flat; Sawtooth shallow, round tip, irregular, 3 to 4 within 1 cm. Inflorescences bloom 4-7 flowers, buds light green, pentagonal. The flowers are medium in weight and the flowers are split type. 2.2 Main Economic Traits of Fruit The early abundance of crisp fruit is nearly round with a longitudinal diameter of 3.04 cm and a transverse diameter of 2.90 cm. The fruit is of medium size, with an average fruit weight of 12.0 g and a maximum fruit weight of 16.3 g. The size of the fruit is uniform and tidy. Pericarp red (see Figure 1), fruit surface smooth, bright and beautiful. The fruit spot is large, light yellow, and prominent; the fruit shoulders are round, the stems are deep and small, the ring is wide, and the stem length is 0.20 cm. The top of the fruit is hollow and the stigma remains. The spindle is spindle-shaped, 1.35 cm in longitudinal diameter and 0.66 cm in lateral diameter; the nucleus is small, the average diameter of single nucleus is 0.33 g, the nucleus tip is long, the sharp tip is sharp, the nucleus is dark, and the longitudinal shape is long; The nuclear pedicle is short, blunt, and there are more than one full seed in the nucleus. The skin is thin and brittle, with few slags, white and green flesh, dense and crunchy flesh, lots of sap, rich sweet flavor and fresh food quality. Soluble solids content of white ripening period is 19.78%, brittleness period is 31.15%, edible rate 97. O%. 2.3 Growth results characteristics Early fragility planted in the fertile plains of the plains, strong growth potential, 4 years old trees about 4 m high, 8.67 cm in diameter, diameter of 3.2 m2.9 m. There were 12 branches in the whole tree, and the branches were dense. The annual growth of shoots was 483.6 cm. The length of one-year branches was 48.61 cm, the diameter was 0.70 cm, and the length of the section was 2.0-3.46 cm. . The permanent secondary branch naturally grows from 5 to 12 knots, with a diameter of 0.40-0.60 cm. The effective number of knots is from 2 to 8 knots, and the results are from 2 to 5 strands. Results The length of the parent branch was 0.3 cm. The result was 18.51 cm in length and 1.25 cm in internode length. The average secondary permanent branch was 45.57 and the winter bud was 191.86. 317.9 shares. The second year after planting or grafting seedlings, the strain rate reached 67. o%, high yield and stability; 3 years old fruit tree branches per fruit branch. 52 strains, with an average yield of 3.9 kg, had a maximum yield of 4.8 kg; in the 4-year-old tree, there were 0.98 fruits per fruit branch, with an average yield of 10.3 kg and a maximum yield of 19.6 kg. Early growth and brittleness also showed a strong growth potential on the thin pupa. The 4-year-old tree had 6.5 branches, and the total growth of branches was 272.6 cm. The branches were dense, with an average of 55 secondary branches, 184 winter buds, and 288 jujube stocks. Three. The results of the second year after the seedlings were grafted or planted began, and 0.65 per fruit branch was set in the fourth year. The variety has a moderate amount of flowers. The use of Gibberellin and girdling measures in the early stage of full bloom can increase fruit setting rate, and the fruit setting rate is also stable. Each fruit branch after fruiting can reach 1.05, and it is not easy to drop fruit. Each fruit branch before harvest There are 0.98 fruit. The flowers that bloom after the mid-flowering period have a lower fruit setting rate, and each fruit branch only has 0.53 fruits. 2.4 phenology period In Tai'an, Shandong, early fragility sprouts in early April, leaves in late April, buds in late April, early flowering in late May, full flowering from late May to mid-June, early maturing in early August and maturing in late August Harvest, fruit development period of 85 days, leaves in late October. 2.5 Adaptability and Stress Resistance Early-brittleness is highly adaptable and can grow normally on soils with a thickness of only 15-20 cm, on weathered shales or in sandy soil, clayey soil, silt, and clay. The beginning of the results is early, the fruit quality is good, the yield is high and the yield is stable, the fruit matures early and the drought resistance. In 2005, we investigated in Tai'an, Shandong, the disease rate of anthracnose, canker, and black spot was less than 5.00%, and the rate of disease in ring vein disease was 6.00%. It was suitable for cultivation in barren hills and plains. 3. Regional performance From 2002 to 2004, varieties comparison and regional adaptability tests were conducted in Tai'an and Jining, Shandong. The results showed that, in the plain planting, early fragility 1 to 2 years old trees began to produce results of circumcision in the current year, earlier than the June results of the control variety. Early crispness average 0.89 fruit per fruit branch, the number of fruit set was higher than that of the control variety in June, and the fruit drop before harvest was slight. The early-french crisp four-year-old trees produced 11.13 kg on average, while the control variety had a mean yield of 7.25 kg. The early abundance and brittleness period is 3 to 5 days earlier than the control variety in June. The early soluble and soluble solids content averaged 32.45%, 0.8% higher than the control variety in June. Planted in the mountains, early crisp and crisp than the control varieties in June fresh advance 1 year results, each fruit set a fruit of 0.7, the number of fruit set was more than the control variety in June, the strain production was significantly higher than the control variety in June fresh, mature It is 5-7 days earlier than the control variety in June. The content of soluble solids was more than 31.00%, which was significantly higher than that of the control variety in June. 4 cultivation techniques 4.1 Planting The plant spacing in the plains is 4 m2 m or 3 m2 m. The mountain gardens are planted along the contour lines with a plant spacing of 2 m2 m or 3 m2 m. 4.2 Soil and Fertilizer Water Management Generally after the fruit is harvested, it is combined with autumn basal fertilization for deep ploughing. The thicker layer of the soil is a jujube garden with a depth of 20-25 cm for deep plowing, and a thin layered date garden with a depth of 15-20 cm for deep plowing. Fertilization is mainly based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by application of quick-effect fertilizer, and two kinds of fertilizers are applied: base fertilizer and post-harvest fertilizer. Basal fertilizer is applied after each harvest of autumn dates. The amount of fertilizer depends on the age, soil fertility and yield. The trees were applied with nitrogen content of 150, 70, 200 mg/kg, and the results required 1.5 kg of nitrogen (pure nitrogen) and 1.0 kg of phosphorus (diphosphorus pentoxide) per 100 kg fresh dates. Potassium fertilizer (potassium oxide) 1.3 kg. During the first year, topdressing was applied before budding, flowering, and young fruiting, and the top-dressing saplings were planted with multiple acupoints, mature trees, or furrows or the entire garden. According to drought conditions, timely irrigation. 4.3 Shaping The dense planting garden uses a tree-shaped sparse or smooth-shaped tree. The sparsely shaped tree of small crowns is 2-2.5 m high and the diameter of the crown is 2-2.5 m; the height of the happy-shape tree is 2.0-2.5 m. Pruning is mainly based on summer shears, supplemented by winter shears, and summer shearing is mainly used to wipe off buds, picking hearts, thinning branches, and pruning, pulling, lifting and other pruning methods to control the vegetative growth of trees. Winter shears mainly use short cuts and thinnings. And pruning, pulling, hanging and other pruning methods, stable tree shape, culture results branch. 4.4 promote flowers and fruits When the average number of branches blossomed was 8 to 10, 10-15 mg/L gibberellin was sprayed to increase the fruit setting rate. When girdling is based on tree vigor, the girdling width is controlled at 0.5-1.0 cm. 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