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In the face of this unexpected natural disaster, Lishui City Bureau of Agriculture timely organized the technical personnel of the relevant departments to carry out on-site investigation and guidance and carry out production and self-help. Judging from the investigations in the hardest-hit areas in counties (cities), this time, the mushrooms were rotten and were affected by the continuous high temperature weather. However, analysis of the extent and distribution of rotten rods has a lot to do with the varieties used, the geographical locations where they are located, and the method of stacking rods and environmental conditions, and there are certain rules to follow. Many human factors are also the key factors that exacerbate rotting rods, and these factors can be completely avoided. To this end, special conclusions are summarized and analyzed as follows to guide future production.
1 Analysis of Causes of Burning Rods of Lentinus edodes
1.1 The effect of rare continuous high temperature weather is the main cause of the rot of the mushrooms and the burning of mushrooms. The mycelia of mushroom are very sensitive to high temperature, and the growth is stopped above 35°C. The limit temperature is 38°C. Mycelium will die if it exceeds the limit temperature for more than 4h. At that time, when the temperature exceeded 40°C for more than 14 days, if the rods were not well ventilated over the summer, the mycelium would inevitably cause death, resulting in rotten rods.
1.2 The species selection is relatively single, and contrary to the natural distribution requirements of the altitude of the species, is an indirect cause of accelerating rotten rods such as 135 varieties, for long-term low temperature bacteria species, poor resistance and not high temperature, generally require more than 300m above sea level Safer summer. Jingning County uses 135 varieties mainly from 100 to 1000 meters above sea level, and the cultivation methods are mainly spring mushrooms. In the area above 100 meters above sea level, the mushroom farmer in the Liandu District also chose 135 as the headland variety, and did not choose the cultivar and cultivation model according to local conditions. The result was completely annihilated. In the same elevation of Songyang County, the use of 9015, 939 more resistant varieties, rotten rod rate will be greatly reduced, only 40%.
1.3 Mushroom farmers' awareness of the safety of summer bar is not strong, exacerbating the degree of mushroom burning. Mushroom farmers in high altitude areas in previous years have stacked the fungus bar on the roof, the second floor or under the beam, under the roof over the summer, the result is During the hot season of the year, the upstairs was the hottest, almost all burnt bacteria, and it was better on the ground. In low-altitude villages, only a few layers of fungus sticks near the ground have survived. Some farmers even know that the roof temperature is high, but they are lucky enough to think that it will always rain and cool, resulting in a great opportunity to save. The main reason is that the mushroom farmer blindly expands the scale of production and exceeds the capacity that the fungus field can afford, resulting in excessive emissions. , due to poor ventilation. In addition, there are also many mushroom farmers that are underestimate the high temperature, ignore the importance of bulk ventilation and cooling, and even in accordance with weather changes, timely implementation of flexible management measures, resulting in greater irreparable loss.
1.4 From a technical point of view, the following situations have also exacerbated the occurrence of bacteriophages: 1 The production and production season of the bacillus rods has been late, and the bacteriocins with poor chromogenic transition have become more serious. 2 Some Mushroom farmers are pursuing the first wave of mushroom production. When the fungus bar is produced, the moisture content of the mushroom bar is deliberately high, resulting in a decrease in the viability of the mycelium, which makes the high-temperature burning bacteria more serious. 3 During the high temperature season, some mushroom farmers are still puncturing and ventilating, turning and turning the mushroom sticks, which will inevitably cause the temperature of the germination field to increase and exacerbate the burning of bacteria. 4 Although many mushroom farmers put their fungus sticks in the outdoor sheds during summer, and covered the sheds with shade nets and many sunshades, they did not remove the plastic film covering the sheds (say, to prevent rain). As a result, hot air cannot be dissipated and circulated to the outside of the shed, resulting in sweltering of bacteria in the shed. Although people kept spraying water on the shed, the result was still in vain.
2 Although the natural disasters are irresistible, the loss and lessons are also very serious. However, as long as the awareness of prevention is fully enhanced and the rigorous scientific attitude is adopted, the mushroom rods will be better during the high temperature period. Summer management work can reduce the possible losses.
2.1 The scientific and rational arrangement of production must be strictly followed in accordance with the technical specifications of shiitake mushrooms, and production should be arranged in accordance with local conditions without violating the biological characteristics of shiitake mushrooms. Special attention should be paid to the production season, species selection, and moisture content. Rationally adjust the planting structure of shiitake mushrooms, change the traditional concepts, and benefit from science and technology.
2.2 Advocate the mushroom shade in the outdoor shade shed. The summer shade shed is a good way of overriding because it is well ventilated and cools quickly, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of burning bacteria. Shade roofs and surrounding areas should be shaded and covered with coverings such as shade nets or reflective films. However, the roof of the shelters should not be covered with plastic film so as to avoid causing sweltering of bacteria in the shed. You can plant squash, sponge gourd and other vine climbing crops to improve the shading effect. The arbours should be thickened and the height of the shed should be more than 1m above the shade net (the roof is divided into two layers, the upper layer is the shade layer such as weeds, and the lower layer is shade net). The surrounding area can be surrounded by favorable ventilation materials such as bamboo branches and branches to improve the ventilation effect. In case of continuous high-temperature weather, the same trenches can be excavated on both sides of the shed and on both sides of the sidewalk in the shed to introduce “running horse water†cooling. For the old mushroom shed, a thorough cleaning and insecticidal sterilization work must be performed before entering the shed.
2.3 Strengthen the indoor management of the summer bar in the summer. In the summer room, it is best to germinate in the well-ventilated, cool rooms in the bottom of the summer. Ventilation channels should be left when the bacteria bar is discharged. To increase the shading facilities around the cultivating room, such as shelters, shading nets, etc. In the case of high-temperature mining, pay attention to scattered heaps, gently handle them, avoid vibrating bacilli, and should be arranged in the morning and evening at low temperatures. The bulk heap requirement is that the original four horizontal four straight stacking, instead of triangular or well-shaped stacking, stacking high 3-5. Near the noon can close doors and windows, ventilation and heat dissipation in the evening. In short, use all available conditions for ventilation cooling.
During the high temperature period, it is forbidden to take measures such as puncture ventilation and turning the mushroom bar to prevent the mycelial respiration from increasing and increasing the temperature of the heap. The puncture ventilation should be performed when the weather is cool before the high temperature and in batches in the same room. After the puncture, the temperature rises quickly. Ventilation and heat dissipation should be strengthened within 2 to 3 days to prevent the fungus from dying due to high temperature.
2.4 Doing good work for the treatment of the contaminating bacteria bar For the early stage of rotting, it can be treated by removing the rot bacteria to the healthy mycelium and then applying the quicklime solution or the slightly higher concentration of the bactericide to prevent and control the bacteria. Further expand hazards. For the fungus tube that has been completely sterilized, it can be broken and bagged for reuse. Can produce Coprinus comatus, Agaricus blazei, Pleurotus eryngii. In the plain area, the mushroom bar can be reproduced before the end of September, but the variety should be selected from short-lived varieties such as L66 and L33. When using contaminated materials, use quicklime water to adjust the pH, and to extend the sterilization time. It is best to add new materials to help germs.
From late June to early August 2003, Lishui City, Zhejiang Province experienced a history of unprecedented high temperature and little rain for more than 40 days, and the temperature exceeded 40°C for 14 days, including Lishui City, reaching 43.2°C, breaking the historical extreme and ranking first in the country. . It has caused a serious impact on people’s production and life, especially the devastating impact on the production of shiitake mushrooms. The mushroom mycelium hyphae are affected by high temperature and appear black water, rot tube and so on. The city’s 350 million bags of mushroom stems caused 150 tons of rot caused by high-temperature burning bacteria, accounting for 43% of the total number of flowering mushrooms. The remaining 200 million bags of mushroom sticks were also affected to varying degrees, causing huge economic losses. The city has The bacillus of more than 40,000 households was completely rotted and the blood was lost.