How do you plant broad beans? How to achieve high-yield cultivation of exposed broad beans? In general, broad bean is a kind of economic crop with a wide cultivation area. It has strong adaptability and wide application, and can use winter and spring to increase income. Let's take a look at the high-yield cultivation techniques of broad bean. 1. Selection of variety and sowing date Broad beans are divided into thousands of types according to different uses, such as edible, vegetable, forage and green manure. Broad-leaf bogey continuous cropping, continuous crops not only significantly reduced yield, pests and diseases will increase year by year, should be more than 3 years of rotation; can be rotated with rice, wheat, corn and other grass crops, but also with cotton, flowers and other crops. In order to ensure the high yield and efficiency of broad bean, it is advisable to use high-yield, strong-resistance and high-quality varieties. The available broad bean varieties include white flower big grain, Qidou 5, Cixi big grain and Japanese big white skin. The broad bean in the south of the Yangtze River is mainly planted in autumn. The specific planting period should be determined by the local climate and the mouth of the mouth; the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River can be planted from October 20 to November 20, and Guangdong and Guangxi can be 11 Sowing in late month or early December. 2. Site preparation and sowing Broad bean plants have a large amount of growth, and should be planted in sunny land, loose and fertile soil, and no drought or no water (water). 5 to 10 days before sowing, 1 000 to 1,500 kg of fermented pig manure per acre, 25 to 30 kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphate, 50 to 60 kg of foci, and 2 times after turning . In order to prevent moisture damage and facilitate irrigation and drainage, each field should be opened with a furrow, a gutter and a ditch to connect the ditch. Broad bean sowing is too deep, the branching will be significantly reduced, and the yield will be greatly affected. Generally, the shallow sowing is good, and the seeding depth is 5-6 cm. Seeds can be directly sown, such as seed soaking after germination, not only early 4 to 6 days to emerge, but also to protect the seedlings, greatly reducing the occurrence of lack of seedlings. Sowing is suitable for ditching on-demand, which is beneficial to improve work efficiency and ensure seeding quality. The sowing density of broad beans should be reasonable. The seeding is too dense, the field permeability is deteriorated, the light is poor, the pests and diseases are aggravated; the sowing is too thin, the land cannot be fully utilized, the number of plants per unit area is insufficient, and the yield is not high. Medium-fertile plots, large-grain varieties planting 4 000 to 4 800 acre per acre, can protect 23,000 to 25,000 basic seedlings; small-grain varieties can be planted at 9,000 to 10,000 acre per acre, and can protect 23,000 to 24,000 basic seedlings. 3. Field management There are many rains in winter and spring. It is necessary to visit the field frequently and find that the accumulated water should be drained in time. When there is little rain or drought, the soil should be properly irrigated according to the soil moisture. Generally, the ditch is filled once every 7 to 10 days to prevent flooding or string irrigation. In the flowering and pod-forming period, water is not lacking. At this time, special attention should be paid to the soil moisture, so that the water supply should be timely and timely to ensure that the soil water holding capacity in the field reaches 27% to 30%. In case of heavy snow, it is necessary to remove snow from the fields and broad beans in time. Broad bean has a general demand for nitrogen fertilizer, and there is a large demand for phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can significantly increase the yield. When the first compound leaves are sown after the germinated broad bean is germinated, the first top dressing should be carried out, and 4~5 kg of compound fertilizer should be applied per mu in shallow ditch; the second top dressing should be carried out after the spring, and the compound fertilizer should be applied in shallow ditch per acre. 5 ~ 6 kg; the first flowering stage for the third top dressing, 7 ~ 10 kg of compound fertilizer per mu of shallow ditch or 600 ~ 700 kg of decomposed manure. During the initial flowering and flowering period of the broad bean, the leaf surface is sprayed with 0.2% boric acid or 0.1% ammonium molybdate solution, which can increase the yield by 10% to 15% per mu. In the seedling stage of broad bean, timely cutting of the main stem can control the length of the stem, promote the stout and early branching, and improve the anti-freezing ability. Generally, the main stem is cut in 4 to 5 leaf-foiling stages, and the local areas can also be flexibly controlled according to the local conditions. Spring varieties have fewer branches, and most of the main stems will flower and pod, and generally do not hit the main stem. Most of the main stems of winter and semi-winter varieties will die in winter, leaving the stems to grow weakly, rarely flowering and pods, and should be cut off. Do not cut the main stem on rainy days and when there is dew. It is better to cut the main stem after drying on cloudy and sunny days. The length of the main stem should be cut off moderately, not too long or too short. Generally, it is better to leave 4 to 5 leaves after cutting. In the case of no branching, the effective branching of the broad bean field is 18% to 25%, and the majority is 30% to 40%. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the work of eliminating the invalid branch. Invalid branches and effective branches compete for water, compete for fat, glory, and strive for gas, consume a lot of nutrients, and inhibit the growth of effective branches. Most of the early branches of broad bean can flower and pod, and most of the late branches can not flower and pod, and the ineffective branches can be divided into 2 or 3 times, and all branches after the third branch must be cut off. Most of the top flowers of broad bean branches can not be pods, which consume a lot of nutrients, and should be topped in time to increase yield. Early sowing of broad beans grows 6 to 7 leaves, and late sowing beans grow 5 to 6 leaves. The topping temperature is best. At this time, the local temperature is mostly 14 to 18 ° C, which is beneficial to wound healing and disease control. 4. Harvest at the right time The vegetables are harvested in the green ripening period. At this time, the seed volume has reached the maximum and is basically mature, fresh and delicious. Dry beans such as fried beans should be harvested in the late stage of yellow ripening. In short, the harvest time of broad beans should be determined flexibly according to different uses. For the wonderful pictures and popular comments on the high-yield cultivation techniques of broad bean, you may be interested in the following recommended contents. Welcome to read. Thermal Insulation Net,Agriculture Shade Netting,Aluminum Foil Thermal Insulation Material,Net Reflecting Sunlight Changzhou Green Nets Co.,Ltd. , https://www.czglnets.com
