Johns Hopkins University recently issued a press release stating that the school's researchers found two HIV-infected people with a rare natural HIV-inhibiting ability. Their immune cell CD8+ T cells can inhibit viral replication and make it After several years of infection, the viral load can still be controlled, and the status of "HIV disease is relieved". The researchers pointed out that although the study sample base is small, the understanding of the relevant mechanisms is still conducive to scientists looking for potential functional cures, benefiting more HIV-infected people.

One of the two patients, known as the elite virus suppressor, carries a special genetic marker on its immune cells, allowing it to naturally maintain low viral levels without treatment; another patient is called treatment Acquired virus controller, who received antiretroviral therapy after 20 years of HIV infection, but remained "virulent" after stopping the treatment 15 years ago, and he did not carry any protective genetic markers .

Blood tests in two patients showed that they had a large number of HIV-infected CD4+ T cells, but showed no viral load in the blood test. The presence of a viral pool in CD4+ T cells is considered to be a major obstacle to eradication of HIV because it contains a large number of copies of the virus that can be rapidly replicated and transmitted. Although in the early stages of HIV infection, immune cell CD8+ T cells recognize and kill infected CD4+ T cells, in general, CD8+ T cells cannot keep up with the rate of viral replication, and they themselves die. But in both patients, this did not seem to happen.

The researchers found that virus controllers are still able to maintain viral load below the detection level for a long time in the presence of a large number of infected CD4+ T cells. CD8+ T cell behavior is key, and the cell can suppress the virus in the virus controller. The replication, which is not possible with non-viral controllers of CD8+ T cells.

The researchers said that this was the first time they found HIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses in treatment-acquired virus controllers, which led them to believe that long-term suppression of viral replication is possible, and understanding the relevant mechanisms will help develop A method of functionally curing HIV-infected individuals.

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