In the production of Agaricus bisporus, straw mushroom, and Coprinus comatus, the covering material is indispensable. Nowadays, in the production of Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii and other varieties, there are also soil-covering cultivation. Under certain conditions, the soil-mulching can make the material temperature constant and the water sufficient. As long as the operation is successful, the yield is relatively high; but for the selection and treatment of the soil-covering materials, many mushroom farmers do not have enough knowledge. According to the growth needs of edible fungi and long-term research and development practices, the author introduces the preparation method of covering materials as follows, hoping to help the production of mushroom farmers. 1. Peat soil: The peat soil is used as the edible soil covering material, and the application effect on reproduction is the best; however, the domestic resources are few and the distribution is uneven, and most of them are concentrated in the northeast and other regions. As a resource, the cost is increased. On the transportation, etc., the production cost has been improved a lot. At present, the sales price of grass charcoal in Shandong (Jinan land price) is about 470 yuan per ton; for the case of Agaricus bisporus, the cost is increased by 7 yuan per square meter. Increase 30%, increase production value by 15 yuan, input-output ratio is 1:2, and some experimental output increases by more than 100%, then the input-output ratio is above 1:6, which is economically very cost-effective. The treatment of peat soil is very simple: use the “covering material treatment agent†while mixing and spraying, and mix it back and forth twice. If it is not used at the time, it can be used for the peritoneum. 2. Common soil preparation: On general cultivated land, the cultivated layer soil is considered to have higher organic matter and suitable agglomerate structure, which is suitable for covering soil materials. However, due to the fertile soil in the tillage layer, the soil microbial base is very high, and it contains some microbial populations harmful to edible fungi, which should not be widely used in actual production. The soil layer below 20 cm in the tillage layer has low relative fertility level and poor agglomerate structure, but the number of harmful microorganisms is small, and it is applied as a covering material after simple disinfection and sterilization treatment. The specific operation is as follows: after taking about 5000 kilograms of soil per 100 square meters of cultivation area, drying, pulverizing and sieving, so that the diameter of soil particles is 0.5-1 cm and 0.3 cm or less respectively account for 50% of the total. Then use the "covering material treatment agent" with 800 times of phoxim while mixing and spraying until it is confirmed that there is a coating on each soil particle when the liquid is adhered, and it can be taken after one week. Spread the mounds during use and dry them into the shed. The material is simple to prepare, but the loam is good, and the viscous one can be mixed with a part of fine sand to ensure the permeability of the covering soil or eliminate the knot phenomenon. 3. Preparation of bauxite: The material is rice husk and river mud silt, the weight ratio is about 1:10; 4000 kg of river soil, 500 kg of rice husk and auxiliary materials are prepared for each 100 square meters of cultivated area; the river soil is dried and shredded. The rice husk is soaked in 4% lime water for about 20 hours, added with auxiliary materials, and then mixed thoroughly. Add water to mix water content to about 20%, spray and mix well, then cover the film and turn it every 2-4 days. Once, about 3-4 times, spread out the smell and then use. Preparation of humus soil: If the humus soil is treated well, not only its organic nutrient is high, but also the quick-acting nutrient content is relatively complete. As a covering material, its physical permeability and tightness are extremely beneficial to the hyphae climbing and sub-soil. Solid growth, which laid the foundation for production. Matching materials (for 100 square sheds): cow dung powder 600-1000 kg, bean cake 100 kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 80 kg, urea 40 kg, lime powder 60 kg, gypsum powder 30 kg. Operation method: select the land near the water source, on the area of ​​about 25 square meters, the surrounding soil is more than 10 匣 meters, crush the mixing materials and mix well, evenly spread on the ground, turn over 20 cm, slightly flattened After the ground, the irrigation water is level with the cofferdam. After about 10 days, the water operation is repeated once and then the water level is maintained. When the temperature is high, about 7-10 days, there will be stinking bubbles on the water surface. After the temperature is more than 30 °C and 3-4 times, the water surface will have a large amount of stinky water bubbles. After that, the water can be released and allowed to dry naturally. When there are a lot of wide and deep cracks on the soil surface, the 20 cm soil layer will be taken out. It is placed on a hardened road surface to be air-dried and crushed. Then, referring to the above-mentioned "covering material treatment agent", the film can be used after about 7 days. Disclaimer: Some articles on this website are transferred from the Internet. If legal rights of third parties are involved, please inform this website. phone
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